Over Arousal Theory

Specific data in regards to the individual’s social development and behaviour is collected. Inquiries about core ASD symptoms including, unusual, or repetitive behaviours and social relatedness are done, the family’s input is important.

These accounts have provided a special glimpse into the sensory disorders that accompany autism. It is fascinating to see how Dr. Grandin and Tito are living examples of how the autistic person perceives the world. At first glance, the two testimonies seem very much alike to me. Both of these autistic persons' nervous systems are constantly overwhelmed by the sensory input that their bodies receive. However, a much closer look reveals to me the key differences between the two. Dr. Grandin is a high-functioning autistic person whose nervous system receives too much sensory input. Her

Many individuals with an autistic spectrum condition experience sensory difficulties so they may have a heightened sensory awareness so are not able to function in the same way as someone without the condition. Sensory overload is a common complaint of people with ASD and can lead to an inability to function if the noise is too loud or the light is too bright etc.

1.4 Describe the sensory and perceptual difficulties commonly experienced by individuals with autistic spectrum condition cont...

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) may be a disorder in the brain, caused by genetic, environmental or neural levels. Autism effects data processing in the brain by alerting how nerve cells and their synapses connect and organize; how this occurs not understand. (Johnson.2004)

Ogletree, B. T., Morrow-Odom, K. L., & Westling, D. (2015). Understanding the brain–behavior relationship in persons with ASD: Implications for PECS as a treatment choice. Developmental neuro-rehabilitation, 18(2),

We may not like loud noises, so we avoid crowds and clubs, or have textures issues, so we avoid slimy or squishy food, all without therapy. Our flight, fight, or freeze responses are our defense system again the unknown, but sensory processing treatment work on changing that response. With all of materials I compiled, I am in agreement that sensory processing disorder is the next “it” diagnosis for children. I do believe that children with Autism, ADHD, ADD, and Down Syndrome struggle with processing sensory information. However, there is no proof that sensory processing difficulties are not a byproduct or syndrome of the disability. More research is necessary in order to determine how and why sensory processing occurs and affects daily life. The goal for all educators is to provide students with the best education

The DSM-5 notes frequent co-occurrence of other neurodevelopmental disorders. However, if a child’s symptoms are better and more completely explained by ASD, intellectual developmental disorder, global developmental delay or another mental disorder, a diagnosis of SCD cannot be made. The notable absence of restricted and repetitive behaviors is the important in appropriately diagnosing a patient with SCD versus ASD.

Individuals with APSD exhibit neuroanatomical differences compared with individuals without the diagnosis. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies have identified an 11.0% reduction in prefrontal gray matter in individuals diagnosed with ASPD (Raine, Lencz, Bihrle, LaCasse, &

Animal-assisted interventions can also be integrated into existing models of treatment for ASD by using animals for components that traditionally target sensory and affective arousal (Berry et al., 2013). The Denver Model is a therapy technique used by occupational therapists that integrates applied behavioral analysis with treatments to target developmental and relationship deficits, which also includes interventions to treat sensory issues. They suggest that therapy dogs are suitable for integration in this model because they provide a multisensory stimulus that incorporates an emotional bond and a sensory experience. The authors also recognize that because of the variances in symptoms of children diagnosed with ASD, highly individualized treatment programs must be created to accommodate multiple levels of sensory sensitivity. More research is needed to determine how children with different levels of sensory sensitivity respond to different animal therapies, potentially though using a comparative study. Perhaps children who are hypersensitive would respond better to an intervention with a dog, rather than a horse. Overall, available research indicates that therapy dogs are also a potential method for providing sensory experiences for children with

Perception refers to the process of taking in, organizing, and interpreting sensory data. Perception is multimodal, with multiple sensory inputs contributing to motor responses (Bertenthal 1996). In this paper, I will discuss the many differences between people with autism and the people without and how each person reacts to the same stimuli differently. I will focus on a teenage boy named Brandon, who has Autism, the parents have known that he had ASD since he was 16 months of age where they entered him into early intervention. Each person focuses differently on the perception of each thing in the world, but when you add a person with autism into the mix everything changes completely. When it comes to perception I believe that top-down processing is going to be the focus of this paper since, it has a lot to do with perception, that perception may start with the brain this includes a person’s knowledge, experience, and expectation.

The recognition and diagnosis of ASD continues to increase, cited by a greater general awareness of the disorder and ability of those

The learning and performance deficits featured in those with ASPD have been researched to a great extent. More specifically, their innate lack of ability to acquire learned responses has resulted in numerous studies that test their learning abilities. However, the results of these studies often contradict and findings have remained inconsistent. Although there have been discrepancies in results, there are specific learning

Researchers recruited a seven year old girl diagnosed with moderate ASD as well as her primary caregiver, after receiving informed consent. Inclusion criteria for this study included a mild to moderate diagnosis of ASD, exhibition of sensory over-responsiveness to auditory stimuli to the point of disruption in daily routines or roles, tolerance of wearing headphones for a minimum of 15 minutes in a single sitting two times per day and between the ages of five and ten, as the SOR scale and the sensory processing measure (SPM) are best suited for the above-mentioned age range and were the instrumentation of choice for this study. The SPM is a caregiver questionnaire that is judgment based and explores auditory, visual, proprioceptive, vestibular functioning, tactile, praxis and social participation. The questionnaire has two forms; a school and home form, but for the purpose of this study only the home form was utilized. The SOR is an examiner-based observation measure which evaluates a child’s sensory over-responsiveness in the categories of the five senses (taste, smell, see, hear and touch) as well as vestibular and

Anxiety is a common mental health concern affecting children, and children with ASD are at a higher risk for anxiety and concurring mental health concerns (Reaven, Blakeley-Smith, Leuthe, Moody, & Hepburn, 2012; White, Ollendick, Scahill, Oswald, & Albano, 2009; Wood et al., 2015). Studies suggest that anxiety disorders occur in 2.2-2.7% of the general population of children, while reports suggest that children with ASD are reported to have anxiety issues as much as two times higher (Reaven et al., 2012; Scattone & Mong, 2013). Anxiety is associated with substantial functional impairment in children with ASD at home, school, and community environments (Reaven, Blakeley-Smith, Culhane-Shelburne, & Hepburn, 2011; Wood et al., 2015). Anxiety in children with ASD may lead to excessive worry, distress, inability to socialize effectively, isolation, and insufficient performance in school (Reaven et al., 2012; Weiss, Viecilli, & Bohr, 2014; Wood et al., 2015). Children’s anxiety symptoms may also change over time (Reaven et al., 2012).