Over the decades, enclosures had been occurring in England and eventually became common in the

The Progressive Era saw the influx of European immigrants into the United States, which occurred in tandem to the rapid urbanization that fostered many American contemporary city centers. This rapid shift towards urbanization prompted governmental and political leaders to pass a series of legislation for these new cities, in an attempt to guide these cities towards what they viewed as the best direction. In specific, political and social leaders sought to reduce the presence of animals in the city. However, the attempt to minimize the presence of animals in these cities spaces was paradoxical in nature, in the sense that certain animals were barred from entering the city, while others were allowed to remain present and connected to the urban environment. Animals and livestock present in the city, during the eighteenth and nineteenth century, had various functions — for example, they respectively served as work/semi-agricultural providers, food sources, and household pets. The Progressive Era marked a shift in human ideology of animals, that was exemplified through the proposed animal control, reform, and policy that sought to erase immigrant culture and indirectly civilize the masses, through animal domestication and the legitimization of certain animals over others.

In a bid to encourage people onto the Plains advertisements told success stories of those who had claimed land under the terms of the Homestead Act and had become successful. It divided 2.5 million acres of Plains land into sections or homesteads of 160 acres. People could now claim 160 acres of land. The only requirement on their part was that they paid a small charge and built a house or added something to the land such as a house or a well and lived on the land for at least 5 years.

Proprietorship- also known as Restoration Colonies, the Carolina and Jersey grantees, the Duke of York, and William Penn owned all the land in their new colonies and could rule them as they wished, provided that their laws conformed broadly with that of England’s. (1660s)

Physical demarkation was the main practice the English used to symbolize the ownership of new land. The methods they used to mark such territory were the building of houses, gardens, and constructing fences. Houses created a legal right to the land. As declared by Seed, “ building the first house was critical to the initial stages of English settlement in the first place because

1. The main contours of English Colonization in the 17th century were Protestant motives to strike Catholicism, along with solving England’s social crisis. With the rumors of the Spanish Empire’s atrocities reaching England, one motive to colonize the America’s was to strike the Catholics, and save the natives from captivity (Foner 51). This shows an interesting aspect of the English Colonization: the English allowed their people to go colonize just to strike the opposing religious country. Along with this, England sending emigrants over solved their social crisis. Because of England’s growing population and economy, the amount of peasants in cities grew. This is because of landlords using land for sheep, which kicked out peasants from their land (Foner 51-52). England hoped that some people of the lower classes would then go to America: to be out of the big cities where important people were, while still helping England in it’s economy.

Between 1760 and 1880 there was a huge growth in the size of cities and a population shift as people started to move into the more industrialised areas in search of work. This was because of the transformation of agriculture. Landowners had now decided to ‘enclose’ their lands so as they realised they could make a profit from selling food as the population of Britain was increasing. Enclosure improved the ways of farming

With the Forest Act many other acts protecting the Earth’s resources sprung up as well. All of the acts that were passed restricted important resources from being wasted and blatantly used for company production areas. These acts, enlisted in terms of the government, would allow the president to choose areas in which resources could always exist and couldn’t be overused. The areas chosen would include places with plentiful natural assets and a large range of land. This early protection against the act of overharvesting, lead to people being able to

After the win of the Spanish Armada English settlement of the North American continent began in resulting an intense conviction. During the 1600s, an effect of economic changes throughout England which also led to the Enclosure Movement, as

But these realizations were a great efforts beginning to wildlife management in America. People began to realize that the amount of wildlife that had been present to the early colonies were not inexhaustible (Deal 2). Those early settlers had no idea how abundant wild fauna in the new land or how to utilize it. It took nearly two hundred years for agriculture to get used to American soil and its wildlife.

In addition, selection was opposed and obstructed by the squatters who used their superior knowledge of land conditions, political and financial influence, and evasion of certain regulations of the Land Acts to amass large holdings of premium land, leaving poorer land to selectors. ... 17

The lack of opportunities for social mobility in England - high mortality rate, reduced wages, and high unemployment in result of the enclosure act – was an important social problem that led to increasing migrations and populations in the Americas, especially Chesapeake. In Virginia, both the white and black populations increased the most out of all the other English colonies (document 1). Similarly, there were an increase in white and black populations in Maryland and Middlsex County, Virginia (document 2 and 3). Throughout the 1600s, British migrations to the Americas gradually increased, which indicates that many of those migrants hope to flee the social problems in England to order to search for better futures in the

In New England, politicians would provide large amounts of land to the male settlers who would then divide the land between themselves. More land was usually given to the settlers with a higher social class.

U.S Land Ordinance of 1785: Passed by the Articles of Confederation legislature in order to help split up new territory west of the Appalachian Mountains. It split up regions into 36 square mile blocks called townships. Those townships were further split into 36 individual sections with one square mile of land, each. Each section was divided into four separate plots of land, ¼ of a square mile each; this was the typical amount of land a new settler

The outcome of this farming change was higher access of food. The enclosure Movement also forced people into Industrial Revolution for example; farmers who worked in the farming industry where replaced by farming machines and where left homeless forced to find new jobs in the industrial revolution. Big business was also a change that created Mass Production. Mass Production shifted people from production at home, to production in large factories in cities. Mass production also allowed for lower prices on the good produced.

Furthermore, during personal rule there was a revival of Forest Laws, based on medieval royal forest boundaries. Landowners whose estates now encroached on these boundaries found themselves unable to produce the title deeds for their land because