3.2 Overview of Electronic Commerce in China
3.2.1 Internet in China
In September 1987, the Chinese Academic Network built the first domestic Internet e-mail node and sent out the first e-mail from China. The universities were the first Chinese institutions to connect to the Internet. In 1990, a number of Chinese universities and educational institute including the Ministry of Education were connected. But substantial growth of Internet was not occurred until year 1994, when the National Computing and Networking Facility of China project opened a 64K international dedicated line to the Internet, which achieved a full-functional connection. After 1995, the adoption of the Internet by universities and government organizations accelerated.
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In July 2001, the “Key Information-oriented Program” of 10th Five-year Plan on National Economy and Social Development was promulgated and Internet development was included. By 2000 all of the provincial level government in China had a web site.
The government also invested in the Golden Projects from the early 1990s for completion by 2003 to modernize the information infrastructure. The Golden Bridge was to build networked economic information, the Golden Customs developed networked international trade information, and the Golden Card would network financial and banking information. The four major Internet backbone networks – CerNet, CstNet, ChinaNet and ChinaGbn – are all government sponsored. This strong investment by the government has led to rapid improvement of the basic infrastructure.
According to China Internet Survey Report (2008), the total number of Internet users in China had reached 182 million in 2007. In spite of delayed start, the prevalence of Internet has been increasing very quickly. China became the second largest Internet population after the United States in the world. This rapid increase of Internet users and improving of Internet access environment provide huge market potential and expectation for C2C electronic commerce in China. By the end of 2009, the number of Chinese Internet users reached 384 million, or 28.9 percent of the total population, according to the China Internet Network Information Center (CINIC). (The ration
The fourth considers the shift made, From ARPANET to Internet approaching defense and research. The fifth section covers The Internet in the Arena of International Standards. The final section, Popularizing the Internet, shows the beginning of the wide spread of the Internet but before Internet connectivity becomes popular at the personal level. All things considered, the book states the expansions in Internet history between 1959 and 1991, with some proceedings to 1994.
Legal issues – the legal framework for e-commerce is still in its early stage. China has little experience for drafting e-commerce legislation for topics like intellectual property rights protection and tax. There aren’t any regulations supporting the privacy, recognition of digital signatures, consumer rights and validation of electronics contracts yet.
The internet and the development of digital technology (computer-based technology) in particular, have made the most significant impact in the field of information and communication technology in the past decade. The internet is essentially a network of computers across the world which is linked through global
During the time period under discussion from the Regan Revolution to our current President Obama, one major historical turning point was the creation of the Internet. This vast network of linked computers that allowed information to be shared easily and instantly, propelled the information technology of personal computers and cell phones forward at high speed. (Schultz, 2011) The ways that the Internet has changed life in the United States over the past two decades is vast. The economy has widely changed in this new age of technology, American companies reached overseas
Over the course of the next twenty years it was mainly utilized by the United States military and government to communicate with each other during the “cold war” with the Soviet Union, and the allies of the United States. By 1982 the concept and use of the Internet had been reshaped by the Internet Protocol Suite (IPS). (CNN.org) The idea eventually evolved and was adapted by the United States in 1986, when the Internet Protocol Suite expanded and began to provide access to supercomputer sites for research and educational organizations. The internet further evolved by the mid-1990’s into the mass commercial use we see today, with many early use restrictions lifted. Since then the Internet has continued to expand and continues to advance. (Wikipedia.org)
The Internet was first used for the military and government, created by the US Department of Defense's Advanced Research Projects Agency (ARPA). At this time, mass producing the computer was too expensive to mass produce to the entire public. The idea of the Internet emerged in the early 1960s and finally became a success in 1969 when it finally launched; the first connection between two computers finally became a reality creating a new computer network (History of the Internet).
Read the case carefully and answer the following questions: 1.Till 2005, eBay EachNet was the leader in the Chinese e-commerce market, controlling more than half of it. But eBay EachNet soon lost its market leadership position to Taobao.com (Taobao). In this context, analyze the reasons that can be attributed to Taobao’s edge over eBay. 2.a. To enable people to trade with each other, Pierre Omidyar created a marketplace in September 1995 which was later called eBay. By mid 1997, eBay received one million page hits per
The early 1990s is when the modern day began. In 1992, and Oxford University computer scientists named Tim Berners-Lee developed the World Wide Web. This was a data sharing space that anyone with an internet connection can access. Not just government research centers and scientists with access to top of the of the line equipment. As the 1990’s continued, the Internet continued to globalize. In 1992, Erwise was the first successful Internet browser due to the graphical user interface software it supplied. Erwise paved the way for Mosaic and eventually Netscape which accounted for 90 percent of all internet browsing activity. As the Internet started to grow faster, companies such America Online and Compuserve offered Internet through a dial-up network connection. This allowed anyone with a home phone line access to the Internet. The Internet was now expanding into residential homes and was expanding globally. In 1994, the use of the internet was expanding by 2,500 percent a year. Entrepreneurs such as Jeff Bezos
Since the expending usage of Internet in China. After ten years of Cultural Revolution(1960s to 1970s) when China’s economy didn’t develop for ten years, the Chinese government and the Communist Party was desperately seeking for an solution to pump China’s economy.
Corporations that move into China have long recognized that internet censorship is a fact of life. In 2006,
China joined the global Internet age in 1994, and has been commercially available since 1995. Since then, Chinese Internet usage has seen explosive growth, doubling every six months, and the number of online users is only second to the US. The Internet age ushered in the information age with a new world of freedom and expression for the Chinese. However, soon after its inception, the Chinese government has reined in the free wheeling Internet users and has imposed new laws and restrictions to access and content on the Internet.
Although the Internet is demarcated as a global causation of separate networks by the academic world, confidential parties, industry and even the government. In the beginning, the internet was provided to help interconnect workrooms (labs) that took part in government research and so ever since the year 1994 it has grew to serve millions of people in each and every part of the world.
The Alibaba group has thrived in the Chinese e-commerce sector from its inception in 1998. They currently account for over 70% of online shopping in China and delivered annual revenues of $636 million in the 12month period ending June 2009 (case p1-2). Alibaba’s successes are due to multiple factors that have allowed them to create corporate advantage, and thus establish market leadership in China (Case p1). The configuration and coordination of Alibaba’s
The aim of this study is to determine the differences between the Internet in China and the United States. China was chosen due to the restrictive and closely scrutinized nature of its Internet, in contrast to the internet in United States which has significantly more freedom and protected by the freedom of speech and expression. This study will include:
Beginning in the 1990’s, the world has witnessed a tremendous growth in the World Wide Web. This boom has resulted in an unstoppable technological revolution that continuous to change our lives. The 20th century has blossomed with the rapid expansion of the Internet. Yet, this expansion has brought with it both, opportunities and challenges; particularly, in the “dot- com” industry. As a result, companies of all kinds employed the Internet as a tool to expand their business reach. For others, the Internet was a new “gold mine” that gave birth to a multi-billion dollar business, named “Google”.