Overview of Organizational Theories

Classical organization theory evolved during the first half of this century. It represents the merger of scientific management, bureaucratic theory, and administrative theory.

The Organizational theory of Bureaucracy management as explained by Webber, creates controls of internal accountability that has levels of supervisory control. This is one aspect that to aid in the processes of inputs and outputs that streamline the process from one criminal justice sector to another. The New Orleans Police Department is an example of bureaucracy as an organizational theory. As the

Organizations exist primarily to achieve their goals to make maximum profits from the sales of widgets. People in organizations from an coherent whole, identifiable, and work together on the different aspects of the shared organizational task in unified, coherent, mutually interdependent way. Organizations are rationally designed to achieve those goals that we can deploy human.

          An organization, in its simplest form, is comprised of people brought together to achieve a common goal whether it be solving a problem, selling a product or providing a service. The existence of the organization is wholly dependent on the collective body of individuals involved and it is these individuals that are the driving force behind the success or failure of a company. The relationships that connect the people within the organization dictate how the culture is developed and perceived.

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In today’s world, organizations is one of the most tangled terms as it has a very dynamic environment which keeps on changing bit by bit and takes no time to take an undetermined turn and the outcomes of the various situations in a business are pretty uncertain. The issue here is that does studying organizations really matter to me ? I would like to state some facts about my perception on it. It determines various influences and impacts not only on individuals, but also on certain kinds of organizational groups in order to work in an effective environment. Studying organizations has become important as it has become a very useful equipment for overseeing the various kinds of behaviour of human and interpreting it. Large firms and multi-national corporations are hiring experts from their fields for handling different departments of the company. The work is getting divided into smaller branches such as human resource, finance, marketing and so many more. Gradually the importance of organizations is increasing as so many people are getting involved in it day by day in its creative world. Here I am going to discuss the value of studying organizations on the basis of the Toulmin model made by Stephen Toulmin, A British philosopher. In this model, “Toulmin emphasized a number of points that are by now similar, but still deserves adequate attention”

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Organizational theory studies the various variables that influence the behavior of an individual(s) working within an organization, but also, “prescribes how work and workers ought to be organized and attempts to explain the actual consequences of organizational behavior (including individual actions) on work being performed and on the organization itself.” (Milakovich & Gordon, 2013, p.145). Of the many approaches to organizational analysis, Classical Organizational theory has been, even to this day, extremely influential by focusing on more formal concepts such as bureaucracy, rationalization and scientific management. Although, over the decades organizational management has taken on a more human relations approach to getting more productivity out of employees, it is contributors like Max Webber, Fredrick Taylor, and Luther Gulick that laid down the basic foundation organizational theories by recognizing the need for control and procedures.

Organization theory is about ideas and principles that flow within an association on how work can be done by investigating through different perspective. It is important to study organization as improvements can be carried out to make sure organizations are performing efficiently through developing the organizations structure and mission statement. (Developing an enabling organisational culture, changing organisational culture.). (See Apendix A for some applications of organizational Theory). There are three major perspectives-modernism, symbolic interpretive, and postmodernism to look at organisation which provide broad frameworks to guide our thinking and research. In this essay paper, an effort has been made in discussing how the three

Up until the 21 century, the majority of the published literature scrutinizing and modeling organizational theories and their use in the workplace to maximize performance, were developed exclusively in the United States. However, greater awareness of international workplace culture has made it clear that these theories, which were modeled after American companies, are not as universally applicable as researchers assumed. As American management and leadership theories, these philosophies reflect an inherent bias, incorporating American values, motivations, and expectations. As such, variations across cultures and their impact on organizations can make implementation of these concepts completely inappropriate in another culture, while fully

the time it takes for information to reach managers. And the distortion of information at any of these links affects the accuracy of the information being communicated. The probability of distortion increases with the length of the communication chain. Many organizations have reduced the number of managerial levels in the organizational hierarchy (due to economic recession and for competitive pressures), especially at the middle management level. This reduction in levels has decreased the number of links in the communication chain, thus improving communication within organizations.

Outcome: I have learned about different organizational theories that can be applied in public administration. I can name representatives and main ideas of the classical, the behavioral, the administration as politics approaches and describe key points of postmodernism, poststructuralism. I think this fundamental knowledge is very helpful for further study and for practical application.

I have been asked to discuss how management theories is used to help managers achieve good organisational leadership and teach them what attributes they should possess to obtain this. Furthermore, will be discussing what may be considered bad or good practice of organisational leadership. This will be done by analysing different management theories defined as “A collection of ideas which set forth general rules on how to manage a business or organization.” (BusinessDictionary.com, n.d.)Management theories speaks about how managers can relate to their companies through their personalities and with the knowledge of the organisations goals and what it wishes to achieve , the execution of effective means accomplish these goals and

The beginning of administrative Wisdom is the awareness that there is no optimum type of management system. The different schools of organization theory provide a number of ways of analysing organizations from the point of view of the formal structure, individual behaviour, and the organization as a system and the environmental influences which affect the shape and climate of an organization.

The most successful organizations make the best use of their employees' talents and energies (Heil, Bennis, & Stephens, 2000; Huselid, 1995). Firms that effectively manage employees hold an advantage over their competitors. Pfeiffer (1998) estimates that organizations can reap a 40% gain by managing people in ways that build commitment, involvement, learning, and organizational competence. Because employees are key to an organization's success, how well the manager interacts and works with a variety of individuals is key to a manager's success. (McGinnis, 2007)