Oxazepam
It is the prototype of (3-OH) of 1, 4 benzodiazepine-2-one
Chemical structure :
IUPAC Name :
7-Chloro- 3-hydroxy- 5-phenyl- 1,3-dihydro-1,4- benzodiazepine -2-one.
Uses:
Oxazepam is used
1-for reducing the nervous tension
2- for treating anxiety
3- for treating alcohol withdrawal
4- For treating anxiety associated with depression
5-for treating social phobia
6-for treating post traumatic disorder
7- for treating insomnia
Side effects:
Less serious side effect including headache, drowsiness, vomiting, nausea, dizziness and constipation.
Serious side effect including confusion, hallucination, decreased inhibitions and no fear of danger.
Mechanism of action:
Oxazepam has an anxiolytic effect as it potentiates the effect of GABA by acting on GABA receptors.
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Metabolism:
Oxazepam has short duration and rapid conjugation with glucouronic acid than diazepam or nordazepam.
3-OH make it more polar so it has rapid conjugation and less accumulation in the body
** oxazepam can be used for patients with liver dysfunction as it has low accumulation level in the body so will cause less adverse reaction.
** In neonates, oxazepam storage occurs in some organs like heart so they will have high risk of accumulation.
**During pregnancy and breast feeding, the oxazepam is exerted in breast milk.
Dosage form:
Oxazepam presents in the market as form of tablets or capsule in concentration ranging from 10 to 15 to 30 mg.
*Conclusion part
Oxazepam is safer than other benzodiazepine.
Oxazepam has short duration and rapid conjugation with glucouronic acid than diazepam or nordazepam.
3-OH make it more polar so it has rapid conjugation and less accumulation in the
Lorazepam binds to an allosteric site on GABA-A receptors, which are pentameric ionotropic receptors in the CNS. Binding potentiates the effects of the inhibitory neurotransmitter GABA, which upon binding opens the chloride channel in the receptor, allowing chloride influx and causing hyperpolerization of the neuron.
In an oxidation reaction, the number of C-H bonds decreases or the number of C-O bonds increases, while in a reduction reaction, the number of C-H bonds increases or the number of C-O bonds decreases. In the oxidation step of this reaction, 4-tert-butylcyclohexanone is formed from when a C-H bond is lost while a C-O bond is gained to create a carbonyl. In the reduction step, 4-tert-butylcyclohexanol is formed when the carbonyl is converted into an alcohol when a nucleophilic hydride attacks the carbonyl. Whether the OH is in the
Ethanol is another one of the key components that reacts with oxygen according to the equation:
Zoloft can be taken with other drugs and will not have any synergistic effects. Furthermore there are no antagonistic effects, when you take Zoloft there is no other drug that counteracts it that will make you depressed.
On November 19, 2015, we attended the disciplinary hearings at the Missouri State Board of Nursing. The first case we heard was that of T. O., who had violated the terms of her settlement agreement with the State Board that took effect back in June. Originally disciplined for being under the influence and testing positive for benzodiazepines and opiates, she failed to call the third party administrator of her random drug screens daily on several occasions. She also tested positive for oxazepam on at least one occasion.
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Abstract: Using hypochlorous acid to convert secondary alcohol called cyclododecanol to the corresponding ketone which is cyclododecanone by oxidation.
The National Prescribing Centre recognize some fundamental differences in the absorption, distribution and excretion of medicines between adults and children. The differences are published in the National Prescribing Centre’s bulletin, produced by
alcohol, making it either primary (1° ), secondary (2° ), or tertiary (3° ). If the OH is bonded to only one other carbon, it is a primary alcohol (eg. 1-butanol); if bonded to two other carbons, it is a secondary alcohol (eg. 2-butanol); if bonded to three other carbons, it is a tertiary alcohol (eg. 2-methyl-2-propanol). Due to the placement of the hydroxyl functional group in each of the degrees of alcohol, the reactivity of each should be impacted. This means that all three
The intravenous dosage in this case is 0.5 - 1 mg/kg IV (range: 0.5 - 2 mg/kg).
Flumazenil is the drug that is used to treat benzodiazepine overdose. In adults the dosage is 0.2 mg, additional 0.3 mg may be given 30 sec later. Further doses of 0.5 mg may be given at 1-min intervals, if necessary to a total dose of 3 mg. In children, 0.01 mg/kg (maximum dose 0.2 mg) with repeat doses every minute up to a cumulative dose of 1 mg. Seizures are a life threatening risk associated with Flumazenil.
the CNS and the bowel by acting at specific saturable opioid receptors in the CNS and other
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Methaqualone, is also referred to as Disco Biscuits, Down And Dirties, Jekyll-and-Hyde, Joe Fridays, Lemmon 714, Lemons, Lennon's, Lovers, Ludes, Mandies, Mandrake, Q, Qua, Quack, Quad, Quaaludes, Soaper, Supper, Vitamin Q, The Love Drug, Wallbangers, Whore Pills, and Sopor. This list of street names for the drug goes on and on.