Direct Oxidation Of Methanol Lab Report

Alkanes are relatively unreactive. There are only a few types of reactions commonly performed. In this lab, halogenation was performed. In the methane molecule, the

This charcoal may be burned in today's coal-powered electric generators. Methanol makes a good automobile fuel, in fact it is used in professional automobile races. It may someday replace gasoline.

The reaction took place in a conical vial and .2mL of each of the reactant samples were added to it along with some 95% ethanol. Two drops of NaOH were added shortly after and stirred at room temperature for fifteen minutes. The vial was cooled in and ice bath and crystallized. Vacuum filtration was performed to filter the crude product. The crude product was recrystallized using methanol and filtered again. We made one change to the procedure and instead of using .7mL of ethanol we

Methylcoccus capsulatus is a Gram negative bacterium that is spherically shaped. It can grow in a wide variety of environments where oxygen is readily available, including soil and landfills. Furthermore, it is a methanotrophic bacterium, meaning that it uses methane as a carbon source and oxidizes it thus eliminating some of the methane that is emitted into the environment. Cows generate a significant amount of methane. This is concerning as it contributes to global warming. Rumen is the gastrointestinal tract of cows is the primary site for microbial fermentation of cattle feed. Dr. Kenmore believes that putting pmoCAB genes from M. capsulatus into E. coli will decrease the amount of methane that cows produce.

Currently, hydrogen is generated from fossil fuels by the steam reforming of methane or natural gas. At extremely high temperatures from between 700-1100℃, steam water reacts with methane in an endothermic reaction to yield syngas (synthesis gas), which is a fuel gas mixture consisting primarily of hydrogen and carbon monoxide.

Hook, S. E., Wright, A. D. G., & McBride, B. W. (2010). Methanogens: methane producers of the rumen and mitigation strategies. Archaea, 2010.

How do you free the hydrogen? There are at least four ways do so. The most common is “steam reforming”, 95% of current hydrogen production comes from steam reforming fossil fuels. Environmentalists argue that using carbon-rich fuel sources like fossil fuels would defeat the purpose of switching to hydrogen in the first place; Using fossil fuels would just turn a non-point source emission (from tailpipes), into a point source emission (from power plants). They argue the solution to carbon pollution is to combine hydrogen production with renewable non-carbon releasing forms of power, like wind energy and solar power.

Methanol is one of the most versatile compounds and one of the top ten chemicals produced in the chemical industry. The methanol industry spans the entire globe, with production in Asia, North and South America, Europe, Africa and the Middle East. Worldwide, over 90 methanol plants have a combined production capacity of about 100 million metric tons (almost 33 billion gallons or 90 billion liters), and each day more than 100,000 tons of methanol are used as a chemical feedstock or as a transportation fuel (60 million gallons or 225 million liters). Methanol is also a truly global commodity, and each day more than 80,000 metric tons of methanol are shipped from one continent to another [24].

Based on the data from the viscosity tests, methanol is the best fuel to use due to its low viscosity. As shown by our experiment, methanol took the shortest time to go through the pipette, at two seconds. It was followed by biodiesel, which took 2.98 seconds to go through the pipette. Viscosity is relevant to the ideals of “best fuels” because most of the samples that are known to be fuels are known to have a lower viscosity, which makes sense, as it would be easier for a fuel with a lower viscosity (indicating that it is thinner) to go through a pipette (or an engine), rather than a “fuel’ that has a high viscosity, indicating that it is thick, as it is hard for the engine to process, which is why fuels with lower viscosity would be “better”

However, if you do get the methane out into a usable form, a person could use it to heat their house by combusting methane. When methane undergoes a reaction with oxygen (burning), the covalent bonds around the central carbon atom break, transforming into heat energy. In the process though carbon also bonds with oxygen gas creating carbon dioxide (CO2). The leftover hydrogen atoms then bond with more oxygen and form more water. This of course results in a gaseous form of carbon dioxide and water. In the end the process is termed exothermic due to it releasing heat into the surrounding area. The products of this reaction will go to completion as shown below.

Acetaldehyde was produced by Chisso using mercury sulfate as a catalyst (Boston University). The process began with water and carbide, which were combined to create Acethylene. From here, water and sulfuric mercury were added, to produce Acetaldehyde and the byproduct of methyl mercury. Through

Fossil energy sources- such as oil, coal, and natural gases are become the major source for the energy which are formed from died prehistoric plants and animals buried in the layers of land over a million of years. But there are lot of impacts on the environment by the use of fossil fuels through combustion resulting in the emission of greenhouse gases. Over the past 20 years three-fourths of human-caused emissions came from the burning of fossil fuels.

The overall goal in this lab was to oxidize borneol, a secondary alcohol, into camphor, which is a ketone. For the purposes of oxidation chromic acid was utilized, which was prepared by adding a 1:1 ratio of chromium trioxide to dilute sulfuric acid.

In recent years increasing interest to methanol as an effective means to produce a ecologically clean fuel, available and cheap raw materials for the synthesis of various hydrocarbons and products of their processing. The most accessible and cheap raw material for the obtaining of CH3OH are natural and associated gases, from which by Fischer-Tropta's method it is possible to obtain hydrocarbons of different composition and structure. The formation of gasoline from methanol, developed in the present time flows through the stage of formation of DME, which turns further into the mixture of hydrocarbons consisting more than 50% of the valuable branched paraffins. Such "methanol" fuel in their composition does not contain sulfur and nitrogen compounds and a minor amount of aromatic compounds. Now, methanol increasingly became used as fuel and also as additives to motor fuels (from 3 to 65%). Methanol increases the octane level of fuels and reduces harmful emissions into the atmosphere. Based on the methanol it is possible to obtain alternative pollution-free fuels such as dimethyl ether (DME) and dimethoxymethane (DMM).

The objective of the experiment is to observe how a catalyst affects the rate of the decomposition of hydrogen peroxide. Hydrogen peroxide is generally stored in a dark container because if it is exposed to UV lights and warm areas, it will begin to decompose its water and oxygen since it has an unstable oxygen to oxygen bond. The rate of the reaction can be observed by placing the solution of warm deionized water and the catalyst, liquid potassium iodide, in an erlenmeyer flask. The role of the catalyst is to speed up the reaction. After adding aqueous 3% H2O2, the flask is quickly sealed off in order to calculate the exact amount of gas released.