Oxides of Hydrogen Essay

H2O2 is commonly known as hydrogen peroxide and it is a strong oxidizer and a naturally produced compound in humans as a by-product of oxidative metabolism. Because of this, humans also produce the enzyme catalase peroxidases in order to convert small amounts of H2O2 into oxygen and water. It uses the following chemical formula:

of water molecules a very small number will have dissociated to form hydrogen (H+) and hydroxide (OH-) ions:

Hydrogen was first found in later 16th century but it was not confirmed as a kind of chemical element by Henry Cavendish before 1766. It is a chemical element with symbol H and atomic number 1. That means it is the first one on the periodic table and each atom just has one proton and one electron.And with a standard atomic weight of 1.008, hydrogen is the lightest element on the periodic table. In addition ,it is the most abundant chemical substance in the Universe, constituting roughly 75% of all baryonic mass. On Earth,most of hydrogen exists in molecular forms such as water or organic compounds

Hydrogen Peroxide, otherwise know as H₂O₂ is the simplest of all the peroxide chemicals known to man. Hydrogen Peroxide is base that is used in many reactions to create other more complex peroxides, it is used as an oxidizing reactant in these cases. It is created in 4 steps. Step 1, Palladium catalyses the reaction between H₂ and anthraquinone to create anthrahydroquinone (H₂Q):

2. When hydrogen peroxide was added to the liver, a chemical reaction took place. Catalase enzyme in the liver acted as the catalyst in this reaction that decomposed harmful hydrogen peroxide into the safe products, oxygen gas and water. When the reaction occurred, oxygen gas formed bubbles and escaped, while water was left behind.

H2O2 is hydrogen peroxide and it is the simplest peroxide and in its pure form is a colorless liquid, slightly more viscous than water (biology-online.org). PH is a measure of the acidity or basicity of an aqueous solution. Solutions with a pH less

Sodium metal is extremely reactive in comparison to hydrogen due to its ranking in the activity series, and when combined with water, it would displace one of the hydrogens in a water molecule, forming NaOH, also known as sodium hydroxide (Beran, 2014). This compound is known to be basic because it can donate a hydroxide ion, and all basic substances turn litmus paper blue (Beran, 2014).

In order to form metal hydrides, heat is released during the process which is exothermic reaction. The amount of heat released during the adsorption of hydrogen is the same as the amount of heat required to desorb the hydrogen. Therefore, as the stability of hydride formed getting higher, the heat needed to desorb hydrogen also higher. The energy needed to release the hydrogen from MgH2 is approximately 25% higher than the heating value of hydrogen. Although many efforts have been done on the Mg-based hydrides in recent years, it is still a challenge to find out an appropriate hydride of light metals (Zhou, 2004). The relatively high activation energy exists in the adsorption and desorption process leading the chemisorption process may become

This experiment uses Co(salen) as a model compound illustrating the uptake of oxygen in hemoglobin. SalenH2 was prepared as the intermediate, and reacted with hydrated cobalt to prepare Co(salen). Using Co(salen) the oxygen up-take was tested. The synthesis of SalenH2 produced 0.65 g. The percent yield of salenH2 was 116% on the filter paper and 105% after transferring salenH2 to a vial. The melting point of salenH2, was 128 oC. The color of salenH2 was yellow. This was all expected from salenH2. The synthesis of Co(salen) produced 0.232 g. The percent yield of Co(salen) was 88.22% on the filter paper and 86.1 % after transferring the Co(salen) to a vial. Co(salen)

Hydrogen fluoride is a highly dangerous chemical compound and pollutant. Hydrogen fluoride is a colorless gas with a strong odor and gas that is extremely soluble in water (“Hydrogen” 2015). When dissolved in water, hydrogen fluoride is typically called hydrofluoric acid (“Facts” 2013). It is one of the strongest known acids with a pH of 1. It has a specific gravity between 1.15 and 1.18 and a molecular weight of 20.10 grams per mole (Strategic). Hydrogen fluoride is commonly used in industries. It is highly used in oil refineries, removing rust, and glass etching. It is also used in everyday cleaning products, like car cleaners and water-spot removers (ATSDR 1992). Hydrogen Fluoride is sometimes added to drinking water and is found in a plethora of dental care products to help tooth enamel (“Hydrogen” 2015). Furthermore, hydrogen

In conclusion, Hydrogen-3, better known as tritium, is a substance that is used in everyday life. Completely disregarding the fact that tritium is beneficial for us, it has its effects with consequences that are either minor, or life threatening. It should be noted that tritium is not something to be consumed or to be handled without the correct scientific clothing. In addition, tritium helps us with fuelling nuclear reactions, which is its most common use but can also be used for insufficient light sources and chemical reactions. Closing off, tritium is very useful for scientists but must be handled cautiously.

When most people think of Hydrogen they think of the Hindenburg. The Hindenburg was initially supposed to be lifted by Helium. However, because Helium was so rare and expensive at the time, Hydrogen was used instead. Hydrogen was very cheap, it could be manufactured in industrious amounts and it is lighter than Helium; Hydrogen is also the most substance to date where Helium is not flammable at all. When the Hindenburg was launched it only took it about 32 seconds for the entire ship to fall and burn completely due to the 7,000,000 cubic feet of Hydrogen being used to get off the ground. Out of the 97 passengers only 62 survived this tragic event. Welcome to Hydrogen.

Water is a simple molecule created by two hydrogen bonds and one oxygen bond. Water’s formula is H2O because there are two hydrogen bonds and there is one oxygen bond. When these three bonds come together, they become strong and unbreakable. Water is very important. It is important to earth and to your body. Water covers 70% of earth’s surface and your body contains about 60% of water. Water is not just a liquid. Water can also be a solid or gas. Ice is water, but in the form of a solid and a gas is water, but in the form of vapor. Water’s state of matter can change easily due to a temperature increase or decrease. Changing water’s state of matter is a physical change, meaning it can be reversible. So, the objective of this lab is to see how temperature can change water’s state of matter.

An important feature of water is its polar nature. A single water molecule consists of two hydrogen atoms and an oxygen atom (Henry Cavendish, 1782) (Gay-Lussac and Humboldt, 1805) [1] [3], however the electrons in the covalent bonding are not shared equally. Since oxygen has a greater electronegativity than hydrogen, the side of the molecule with the oxygen atom has a partial negative charge. This attraction is known as hydrogen bonding, explaining several properties of water. The hydrogen bonding is relatively weak in comparison to the covalent bond within the molecule itself, therefore is responsible for many of water’s physical properties [2]. Example of one such property is its high melting and boiling points as more heat is required to break the hydrogen bonds between molecules.

These factors include pH, ionic strength, temperature, and the chemical environment (Lab Manual). Most enzymes have evolved to function under the condition a which the reaction they catalyze occurs but are non-functional if these conditions are altered. Moreover, hydrogen peroxide is a toxic compound that is produced by organisms that perform their metabolic processes in the presence of oxygen (Lab Manual). The toxicity of hydrogen peroxide is largely the result of its ready conversion to reactive hydroxyls either by exposure to ultraviolet light or metals such as iron present in all organisms. Oxidative damage due to the presence of reactive hydroxyls can affect many types of biological molecules including DNA. Organisms have evolved many different mechanisms to eliminate hydrogen peroxide, the most important of which are catalase and peroxidase enzymes. Horseradish is a perennial herb whose roots are rich in peroxidase (Lab Manual). Guaiacol is a naturally occurring organic compound made by plants of the genus Guaiacum that can be converted to a brown colored oxidized form. It can assay the breakdown of hydrogen peroxide by measuring the increase in the production oxidized guaiacol. The lab is performed in a series of experiments to test 2 hypotheses. The first hypothesis: As