Oxycodone Research Paper

In the early 1990’s many doctors were hesitant in prescribing narcotics because they were seen as harmful and habit forming. Purdue Pharma the creator of OxyContin changed the ways of the drug industry. Purdue changed the mindset of many physicians and family doctors inconveniencing them that the new to the market drug was revolutionary, with promises of quick pain relief that last up to 12 hours. With marketing adds like “Remember, effective relief just takes two” Purdue Pharma convinced doctors that it was virtually impossible to become addicted (HARRIET RYAN, 2016). The rise of OxyContin started in 1996. OxyContin

To understand how fentanyl has become so prevalent recently, we must look back at the cause of this opioid epidemic. Opioids were once a niche drug, but in the mid 90s OxyContin was released by the manufacturer, Purdue Pharma LP. Purdue advertised this drug to doctors by saying that the risk of addiction from opioids was overstated and that OxyContin

To most people, pain is a nuisance. But to others, pain controls their life. The feeling discomforts us in ways that can sometimes seem almost imaginable. These feelings can lead to many different side effects if not dealt with or diagnosed. These effects can include depression, anxiety, and incredible amounts of stress. The truth about pain is that it is vital to our existence. Without the nervous system responding to pain, we would have no idea if we were touching a hot stove, being stuck by a porcupine's needles, or something else that could leave a lasting effect upon our bodies without us even knowing anything about it. This warning system helps to alert us when there is

In the article, Oaklawn responds to opioid epidemic through a variety of treatment methods, Oaklawn shares how the opioid epidemic came to be and how they are geared to resolve the issue. The opioid epidemic started when physicians in the 1980’s, 90’s and 00’s thought that the only way to treat chronic pain was to keep giving their patients an increase in the pain medications. Physicians are now recognizing their mistake in doing this and are now working together to find a way to help people struggling with opioid addiction.

During his research, Quinones documents the origin of opiate use within the United States in three areas: drug cartels, overprescription from medical practitioners, and the pharmaceutical companies. He claims that illegal use spurred from drug cartels when he notes, “... heroin in Denver originated in one small town in Mexico… a town called Xalisco” (43). However, even though opioids were common in the black market, the drug cartels were not the sole culprits of increasing the risk of addiction. Many Americans used the drugs for medicinal reasons. In a town named Portsmouth, people grew increasingly dependent on opiates during the 90s: “In this part of the country, anything that relieved pain was welcome. But opiates … quickly led to addiction” (Quinones 26). People that were just looking for some treatment soon had a deadlier problem on their hands— addiction. Since the public was looking for a solution for pain, the pharmaceutical companies were hungry to promote opioids for pain management. The industry, according to Quinones, was just starting to produce the deadly drug, and wanted the public to use its

Oxycodone is the main drug I am concentrating on even though there are many opiates or schedule II drugs that are considered Opioids. Oxycodone was first created as part of an effort to find non-addictive alternatives to morphine and heroin, which were commonly used in medicine before World War I. Oxycodone is an opioid analgesic, ?Pain Killer? that is most often prescribed to control moderate to severe pain that must not be used with other medications. It is a slightly synthetic opiate that was created in 1916. The chemicals found in Poppy plants also make as morphine and heroin. Opiate:?A drug (such as morphine, codeine or heroin) containing or derived from opium or the opium poppy, used to alleviate pain, or induce sleep or euphoria. "Some Facts You Should Know About the History of Oxycodone." A Forever Recovery. 2014. Web. 10 Mar. 2016. Opioid:?A synthetic or semi-synthetic substance producing an opium-like effect, often prescribed for the alleviation of moderate to severe pain; a prescription painkiller in the opiate class.

The history of opioids in America provides a reoccurring theme riddled with misuse, abuse, and addiction. One could even go as far as to call it a timeless theme, as the same problems that affected the past still stand steadfast today. It all started in 1806 with the isolation of Morphine by chemist Friedrich Sertürner (Acock, 1993). Soon after its creation, this analgesic opiate became the primary treatment in the United States for various medical ailments including pain, anxiety, and respiratory problems (Acock, 1993). Acock (1993) reveals that opioids were widely used during the Civil War, with numbers reaching up to ten million opioid pills for the Union Army alone. Morphine was essentially the cure-all on the battlefield. The result

For thousands of years, opiates have been used in the treatment of pain. Opium is believed to have been discovered 6000 BC, and since then, it has had a huge impact on both medicine and the recreations of those seeking euphoria. More recent than the ancient discovery of natural opium are the derivatives of opium, such as the alkaloids morphine, codeine, and thebaine. From these alkaloids, semi-synthetic opiates can by synthesized, such as hydrocodone, and oxycodone. Synthetic opioids are also quite prevalent, which include fentanyl and tramadol. Opium can also be processed into heroin, a morphine derivative. As advancements were made in science and engineering to allow for a wider distribution and usage of opiates, the problems of dependence and overdose also increased drastically. According to Hart and Ksir (2013, p. 302), the invention of the hypodermic needle for intravenous administration of morphine and other drugs allowed for a much faster and more potent dose of the drug. With this increased potency came an increase in the possibility of a recreational intravenous user to overdose. Hart also mentions that some of the wars surrounding the era of the synthesis of morphine may have contributed to the rise of morphine, seeing as a medic soldier’s motto was always “first provide relief” (2013). This relief-driven attitude and extensive use of opioid analgesics in medicine during the time, in addition to the large amount of patent medicines and remedies on the market may

The misuse of opioids has been around for over 20 years in the United States. In a 2017 article “Opioid Crisis”, it states that in the late 1990s, pharmaceutical companies misled healthcare providers by informing them that patients would not become addicted to opioid painkillers. As a result, healthcare providers too liberally prescribed opioid pain relievers. Opioid abuse rates started to climb and it was clear that these medications were highly addictive. According to Volkow, Frieden, Hyde, and Cha (2014), between 1990 and 2010 death rates from prescription opioid overdose quadrupled in the United States. This surpassed the death rates from cocaine and heroin overdoses combined. Furthermore, they state that the epidemic is a result

In late 1800s to 1916 pharmacists and chemical manufacturers foreseen a way to make a non-addictive opioid. Heroin, marketed by the Bayer Corporation of Germany in the 1890s, was originally at the beginning of this. After heroin?s ban in America, two German scientists created oxycodone. It was recognized as a non-addictive, semi-synthetic substitute

Oxycodone is the main drug I am concentrating on even though there are many opiates or schedule II drugs that are considered Opioids. Oxycodone was created during the process to find a drug that was not addictive like morphine and heroin, which were commonly used in medicine before World War I(? A Forever Recovery. 2014. Web. 10 Mar. 2016?). Oxycodone is an opioid analgesic, ?Pain Killer? that is most often prescribed to control moderate to severe pain that must not be used with other medications. It is a slightly synthetic opiate that was created in 1916. The chemicals found in Poppy plants also make as morphine and heroin. Opiate:?A drug (such as morphine, codeine or heroin) containing or made from opium or the opium poppy, used to alleviate pain, or induce sleep or euphoria. ( A Forever Recovery. 2014. Web. 10 Mar. 2016). Opioid:?A synthetic or semi-synthetic substance producing an opium-like effect, often prescribed for the alleviation of moderate to severe pain; a prescription painkiller in the opiate class.

opioids are drugs formulated to replicate the pain-reducing properties of opium. The opioid crisis is the rapid increase in the use of prescription and non-prescription opioid drugs in the United States beginning in the late 1990s and continuing throughout following decades to come. Pharmaceutical companies reassured the medical community that patients would not become addicted to prescription opioid, therefore healthcare providers went ahead and prescribe them at greater rates. The potency and accessibility of these substances, despite their high risk of addiction and overdose, have made them popular both for medical and recreational purposes.

The Opioid epidemic is not new, but one thing is different now, and that is how the mainstream media is calling the large drug company’s out on how they have knowingly created this epidemic. These big drug companies with the help of the FDA, have created pill mills that could distribute over 9 million OxyContin pills in a 6-month period. And did so while it, and the FDA, knew it was causing people to become addicted to these drugs.

The social problem I chose to do something about is opiate abuse/addiction. Opiates are naturally occurring narcotics, such as opium and opium derivatives, including morphine, codeine, and heroin. Prescription painkillers are opioid analgesics. Opiates are highly addictive and dangerous when misused. This social problem matters to me because I am a recovering opiate addict. I have been clean for four months and my new found passion is educating people about the dangers of opiates. People assume because doctors prescribe opioid analgesics, they must be safe. Opiate abuse matters to society because when opiates are misused, lives are taken. People die from overdose, abusers’ worlds fall apart because of their addiction, and loved ones of the abusers are left grieving and feeling helpless.

Opiate overdose may cause significant failure to health, physical distress, breathing damage and increase mortality and morbidity. Vitamin D deficiency causes muscle aches, periodontal disease, osteomalacia and osteoporosis [6-10]. Low bone mass has also been reported in opioid-dependent individuals