P-Nitrophenol Vs Ir

Attach IR Spectrum of Your Starting Material (2,5-dimethyl-2,5-hexanediol) and Product (2,5-Dichloro-2,5-Dimethylhexane ) – label important stretching frequencies.

There are four main regions of IR absorptions: region 4000 – 3000 cm-1 corresponds to N-H, C-H and O-H stretching, region 2250- 2100 cm-1 is triple-bond stretching , region 2000- 1500 cm-1 is double bonds and the region below 1500 cm-1 is the fingerprint region where a variety of single bonds are absorbed.3 The chromic acid test is a test for oxidizability and gives a positive result for primary and secondary alcohols as well as aldehydes2. A positive result in the chromic acid test is indicated by a color change and the formation of a precipitate. Tertiary alcohols give negative results for the chromic acid test since there must be a hydrogen present on the alcoholic carbon for oxidation to occur. The 2,4 DNP test, tests for a carbonyl and is therefore a dependable test for aldehydes and ketones. Finally, 13C NMR spectroscopy is a test to determine the structure of a compound. 13C NMR detects the 13C isotope of carbon. Each carbon has a different chemical shift. A carbon’s chemical shift is affected by the electronegativity of nearby atoms. Carbons that are bonded to highly electronegative atoms resonant downfield because the electronegative atom pulls electrons away from the nearby carbons and cause those carbons to resonant downfield1 (John McMurry, 2008). A general trend is that sp3-hybridized carbons absorb from 0 to 90 ppm, sp2-hybridized carbons resonant between 110

These two can share this single peak because the hydrogens are constantly swapping places with each other due to their position within the molecular structure and if the NMR was magnified, two peaks could be seen. Assignment 2: The peak located at 8.0 ppm is a doublet peak assigned to the hydrogen bonded to carbon on the aromatic ring closest to the carboxylic group. It is shifted .5-.6 ppm downfield of where hydrogens on a benzene ring would normally appear due to de-shielding by the nearby carboxyl group. Assignment 3: The 7.5 ppm triplet peak is indicative of the hydrogen bonded to carbon on the aromatic ring closest to the phenol group, again due to de-shielding by the nearby phenol group. The extra peak is likely due to the interaction of the O-H bond with the C-H bond. Assignment 4: 6.9 ppm has a triplet peak and is assigned to the two remaining C-H bonds on the aromatic

Abstract: This procedure demonstrates the nitration of methyl benzoate to prepare methyl m-nitrobenzoate. Methyl benzoate was treated with concentrated Nitric and Sulfuric acid to yield methyl m-nitrobenzoate. The product was then isolated and recrystallized using methanol. This reaction is an example of an electrophilic aromatic substitution reaction, in which the nitro group replaces a proton of the aromatic ring. Following recrystallization, melting point and infrared were used to identify and characterize the product of the reaction.

The purpose of this lab was to successfully nitrate methyl benzoate to synthesize pure Methyl 3-Nitrobenzoate. Nitrating a compound will lead to the addition of a nitro group (NO2). The location in which the nitro group is added is dependent on the group already on the aromatic ring. If the present group is an activating group, the NO2 will add on either ortho or para. If the present group is a deactivating group, the NO2 will add on meta.

Phenol is very oxidised and will react with dilute nitric acid/sodium nitrate at room temperature to produce a mixture of 2-nitrophenol and 4-nitrophenol. The nitration of phenol occurs in the presence of sulfuric acid as a dehydrating agent and remove a molecule of water as a by-product. Nitronium ion is produced when concentrated sulfuric acid is added to nitric acid. The nitronium ion attacks the benzene ring of phenol and the OH (hydroxyl) functional group of phenol activates the benzene ring at the 2- and 4- positions, which produce a mixture of 2-nitrophenol and 4-nitrophenol.

Before any calculations, the spectra from the HCl solution and NaOH solution was verified to make sure that the wavelength at which the deprotonated form of 2-naphthol absorbs at 345 nm and that protonated form does not absorb significantly at the same wavelength. All the spectra in Figure 1 were baseline-corrected using the HCl solution spectrum, shown in Figure 2, and the NaOH solution spectrum was used to determine Amax at 345 nm.

The goal of this experiment is to study the most precise way of measuring molecular bond lengths and introduction to computational software used for studying molecular properties. This is of interest in that the instrument to being used, a Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR) spectrometer, can measure the vibrational and rotational transitions of the fundamental and first overtone of CO. Through this experiment the objective is to collect data from the aforementioned instrument in order to determine vibrational and rotational spectroscopic constants and CO’s bond length, then to

The results from the NMR of 1-propanol showed 3 different prominent peaks with the peak at 2.2 cm-1 being the acetone. Because 1-bromopropane has three non-equivalent hydrogens it was found to represent this set of NMR data. The other product, 2-bromopropane only had 2 different types of hydrogens and would have only had 2 peaks. Further analysis of the structure of 1-bromopropane showed that the hydrogens closest the bromine group were an indication of peak A in the graph. Because of the electronegativity of the bromine, this peak was located further downfield. There were 2 neighboring hydrogens so using the n+1 rule gave the 3 peaks. Going down peak B showed the next carbon which had 5 neighboring hydrogens thus giving 6 peaks. Finally, the carbon furthest away from the bromine was found at peak C. It had 2 neighboring hydrogens and provided 3 peaks.

Polyphenols comprise a large family of compounds that have multiple structural unites of phenol. These compounds are found in vegetables and fruits, wine, tea, extra-virgin olive oil and cocoa, and exhibit strong antioxidant activity by scavenging different families of Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS)1. The main phenolic compounds identified in olive oils include hydroxytyrosol (HT), tyrosol (TY), secoiridioxide and ligands3, 4.

For the 2-pentaol product, an IR cannot distinguish between two products formed. An NMR is the only spectrum that can determine if a product is formed or not. In the NMR spectra, each peak was assigned to a group apart of the 1-propanol or 2-pentanol. The N+1 rule was used in conjunction with the splitting pattern of the peaks in the NMR spectra. The N+1 rule will determine how many peaks are to be present on the NMR spectrum.

The reduction of nitro compounds consists of a two step reaction in which m-nitroacetophenone was reduced to 3-aminoacetophenone using tin and the acid, hydrochloric acid, and 3-aminoacetophenone was reduced to 3-(1-hydroxyethylaniline) using sodium borohydride and ethanol as a solvent. The former reduction was performed with granular tin and concentrated hydrochloric acid, stopped with the addition of sodium hydroxide, and the product separated using gravity filtration. The latter reduction was performed with granular sodium borohydride and ethanol, stopped with the addition of hydrochloric acid and water, and separated using ether as a solvent in a separatory funnel. Both products were evaluated using NMR spectroscopy, IR spectroscopy, thin-layer

With the data given from the DEPT-125 and the NMR scans on both H and C, we should be able to evaluate the structure of the sample. The samples were given with their molecular formula. Since the sample is also an alcohol, there is at least one hydrogen bonded to an oxygen. For the DEPT-35, negative peaks indicate the presence and location of a CH2 bond. Identifying a CH2 group in the DEPT-35 will assist in speculating the structure of the alcohol by narrowing down the possibilities. The DEPT-35 also re-affirms the prediction. Literature values are conducted experimentally and are obtained in the lab manual on page for both carbon and hydrogen NMR. They ultimately help serve as a guide, narrowing down the range and reaffirming the prediction. Different types of protons have distinct chemical shifts

Nitroxyl radicals, which belong to the six-membered piperidine (TEMPO) or the five membered pyrrolidine (PROXYL) classes, are stable organic free radicals. The steric hindrance around the nitroxide group makes these compounds very stable. They are less toxic, and even serve as spin probes [1-2], spin labels [3], contrast agents [4] and antioxidants [5]. Nitroxyl radicals are widely used as spin probes for low-frequency in vivo electron spin resonance imaging (ESRI). In ESRI, the spatial as well as the spectral information of the exogenously administered spin probes is obtained. Hence, EPR images present the in vivo visualization of the spin probes often without complementary anatomical information. In contrast, MRI is a well-established modality that gives superior

Different substituents have different effects on the stability of 1. Effect of these substituents were studied on the relative stability of 1. Either these substituents have an electron withdrawing effect or electron donating effect on the ring. Electron withdrawing group such as trialkylsilyl groups attached directly to the carbenium ion centre have a destabilizing effect. However, tris(trimethylsilyl)cyclopropenylium