P1: you must explain how infections are caused by, bacteria, viruses, fungi and parasites.

contaminated water or food
17. For each pathway listed in question #16, explain the relationship of the mode of transmission to the virulence of the invader.

Bacterial and fungi infections are easy to cure with the use of antibiotics, where as viruses can be hard to cure or vaccinate against, such as the common cold. Bacteria can be found everywhere and anywhere Soil, Water, Plants, Animals, material and even deep in the earth's crust. Bacteria feed themselves by making there food with the use of sunlight and water. We would not be able to live without Bacteria. The human body consists of lots of friendly bacteria which also protect us from dangerous ones by occupying places in the body. Some of the most deadly diseases and devastating epidemics in human history have

1. Understanding epidemiologic concepts of the chain of transmission of organisms from host to victim, describe how EH could have been infected.

136). The germ theory can be defined as “microorganisms, which are too small to be seen without the aid of a microscope, can invade the body and cause certain diseases” (Kusinitz).

The spread of infection requires three elements. The first is; A source of infecting microorganisms: This could be an exogenous infection which arises from microorganisms external to the individual and do not exist as normal flora. They usually have a preferred portal of entry like the gastrointestinal for Salmonella. Another source is endogenous infections which can occur when part of the client’s flora becomes altered and an overgrowth results e.g. Yeasts infection. Second requirement is means of transmission for the microorganism, which also explains the three primary modes of pathogen transmission. For example, vertical transmission is when a pathogen is

Food production led to the causes of many things, some such as germs carried by farmers usually, technology, and literacy. Infections and diseases were led by various animals, being around them or being involved with them caused this. Some of the major diseases we get as humans are smallpox, tuberculosis, flu, plague, measles, malaria, and cholera. These are evolved and mainly gotten from animals, usually animals like house pets or farm animals, since humans interact with them more than other kinds of animals. Germs and microbes pass through victims and spread around fairly simple or not simple at all. Usually, the easiest way for a germ to spread is through waiting to be passed to another victim. As if someone who is “sick” is contagious and

Bacteria are small, unicellular prokaryotic microbes. They have many morphologies, which include rod-shaped, spherical, spirals, helices, stars, cubes, and clubs. Classification of bacteria begins with either aerobic (requiring diatomic oxygen for growth) or anaerobic (not requiring O2 for growth). Bacteria can simply be narrowed down to gram positive (organism that stains purple or blue by Gram stain) or gram negative (organism that stains red or pink by Gram stain). Many physical and nutritional factors influence bacterial growth. Physical factors include temperature (psychrophiles, thermophiles, and mesophiles), pH (neutrophiles, acidophiles, and alkalinophiles), O2 concentration (aerobic

Controlling the growth of microorganisms is not always necessary, but when they become a danger to society there is a need. There are several effective ways that are used to either control or destroy the microorganism. Bactericidal refers to the killing of microorganisms and bacteriostatic refers to inhibiting the growth. Heat is most often used for killing microorganisms. Some examples of heat would be incineration which is used for needles, inoculating wires and glassware. Boiling is used for to kill endospores and sterilize a solution. Autoclaves use pressurized steam which can denature or destroy heat labile substances, but is good for sterilizing almost everything. A hot air oven ( dry heat) is used for glassware, metal and objects that do not melt. Hospitals use autoclaves to clean surgical instruments and anything that would be used for multiple patients. Some items are made for one time uses, such as for a patient that is isolation for an infectious microorganisms that

There are 6 elements that make up the chain of infection and they are as follows; infectious agent, reservoir of source, Portal of exit from reservoir of source, means of transmission, portal of entry to host, and susceptible host. When the link in this chain is broken then the spreading of Pathogenic microorganisms

Bacteria can spread from person to person when someone comes into contact with fecal matter from an infected person or animal.

There are four major types of germs: bacteria, fungi, viruses, and protozoa. They are found all over the world. They get inside our body, and sometimes make us sick. They gobble up nutrients, and can produce toxins. The toxins cause symptoms like fevers and coughing. Doctors have to take samples to see which germs are living in your body and how they make you sick.

Microbe growth can be influenced in a number of ways. One influence is pH. Most bacteria thrive around pH values that are neutral, although some can grow in extremely acidic environments (Blamire, 2000). Nutrient availability can also have an impact on microbial growth. Nutrients can

By its very definition cross-contamination is a very serious thing however it is sometimes taken far too lightly by those in the foodservice industry, to better understand the danger that cross-contamination poses to public health we must first have an understanding of the most common microorganisms that are unintentionally transferred from one substance or object to another of which there are many in fact the FDA has listed over 40 types of bacterial viruses pathogens and fungi that can contaminate Foods and cause illness but they have singled out six that are the most contagious and that cause the most severe symptoms.

In everyday life, humans endure micro-organisms, bacteria, and fungi, due to Microbial contamination. This phenomenon occurs frequently, and people are unaware of the causes and effect of what microbial contamination can have to truly offer. By definition microbiological contamination occurs when non-intended or accidental introduction bacteria, yeast, mold, fungi, virus, prions, protozoa or their toxins and by-products is carried from one object to another object, person to person, or from an object to a person. (Sue,2007) Cross-contamination occurs during cooking. Specifically, it occurs when juices from raw meats or germs from unclean objects touch cooked or ready-to-eat foods.(Eleese Cunningham, 2015) or even in equipment at processing facilities not being cleaned properly, for instance, or any of the other numerous and sundry ways food can be mishandled a make it to someone, which can greatly increase the risk of food poisoning. (Danilo Alfaro, 2017) Cross contamination does not only consist of bacteria but furthermore, it consists of a virus or a toxin of some sort. (Danilo Alfaro, 2017). It ranges from complex multicellular eukaryotes to even the most unicellular prokaryotic organism, and at any crack or even any type of opening at West Carleton, there will be definitely living microorganisms being passed along from one person to another unconsciously.

e. Infection disease – an organisms that are capable of causing disease are called pathogens. A pathogen attacks the body infection occurs whether the infection becomes a disease. But the pathogens get past the defenses infection spreads and causes an infection disease most can be passed from individual.