PFPS Case Studies

Knee injuries are more predominate in contact sports such as football. However, they occur in other sports as well. To understand this injury (definition and diagram)

With an ever increasing number of people becoming involved with athletic activities, there is an increasing number of injuries occurring which can be devastating for the individual. Most of the injuries that affect athletes occur in one of four structures in the human body: bones, muscles, tendons, or ligaments. Because ligaments attach bone to bone and play a major part in providing stability for joints, the major stabilizing ligament in the knee, the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL), assists in performing everyday actions of the human body including sitting, standing, walking, running, dancing, and participating in other sports. The injury that specifically affects this ligament is very serious and always

The common causes for a PCL tear is crashing your knee against the dashboard in a motor accident or falling on the knee when it's bent. Some of the main sports that can cause a PCL tear are, Football, Soccer, Baseball, and Skiing. The recommended treatment for a PCL tear is known as PRICE Protecting the knee from further injury, Resting the knee, Icing the knee with a ice pack for short times,Compressing the knee lightly, with a wrap, and Elevating the knee. A knee brace is also recommended(AAOS 2016).

The main focus in the first stage of the rehabilitation problem will be to get 100% range of movement back into the athletes injured knee with no pain being suffered as he currently only has 70% range of movement and 2 months post-surgery the Fowler Kennedy Sport Medicine Clinic suggest that he should have full range of movement (ROM) in his knee (Werstin, 2009). It will hope to achieve this by introducing closed kinetic chain exercises (CKC) which are exercises that use a resistance such as squats and bicycling (Heijne et al, 2004) but also must remember that it is just as vital to maintain the highest level of strength and function possible in the unaffected knee as well, this is important as during the program we will use the unaffected leg as a comparison to assess the progress of the affected knee (Hiemstra et al, 2000). These have been chosen as according to Fleming et al 2003, CKC

Dr. Barllow said that he took into consideration that when his knee was bent he experience pain and popping. He told us that there is a rare case that some athletes can develop due to repetitive knee motion, called Snapping Biceps Femoris Syndrome. Micheal would have to undergo surgery because of the pain; a brace wouldn’t be able to help since this wasn’t caught earlier, but he did give Micheal a pair of crutches to help keep the weight off. It was almost Friday and spring Break was over in just two days. Micheal was from Galveston, Texas where his insurance could only be used so Dr. Barllow connected with his doctor friend in Dallas, Texas, Dr. Amwire who was well know for his surgical facility called KneeTech. Dr. Amwire accepted Micheal

My field placement is currently at Family Assessment Program (FAP). FAP is a voluntary program that aims to strengthen families and help them stay together. FAP seeks to reduce future involvement with the juvenile justice and child welfare system. My client system at FAP was basically parents who were having difficulties with their teenage children. Both the parents and the children came to the FAP to seek services to address their defiant behavior. Interviewing the family was able to apply four concepts to my cases which were empathy, barrier, taboo and tuning in. The following case scenarios will discuss how I was able to apply the concepts, obstacles I encountered.

Osteoarthritis, also known as degenerative joint disease, is an endemic condition that affects 20 million people in the United States alone. Osteoarthritis is the most common type of arthritis and is defined as a gradual process of destruction and degeneration or wearing away of the joint cartilage which typically occurs in the older individual age 50 and over (http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/330487-overview#a0101). . Although this diease is well known for its association with the natural aging process, it is also prevalent in athletes. Specifically, osteoarthritis of the knee has been said to be the most commonly affected area as a majpr weight bearing joint and is a growing epidemic in relation to sports injuries in the young adult. http://www.webmd.com/osteoarthritis/guide/ostearthritis-of-the-knee-degenerative-arthritis-of-the-knee. According to, (Vincent), among upper and lower reported extremity sites, the most common region for osteoarthritis to manifest is p’in the medial compartment of the knee. The risk of knee osteoarthritis from knee joint injury is high; approximately 50% of individuals with an ACL or meniscus tear develop knee osteoarthritis [10-15]. A long-term prospective study indicated a relative risk for knee osteoarthritis of approximately 5 for any previous injury of the knee [13]. As cited in, _____, Thelin and colleagues determined that injury of the knee joint was associated with all knee OA in a

Christopher et al , 2008 stated that the knee is the largest joint in the body and is a relatively unstable and intricate joint with numerous tendinous, ligamentous, and meniscal attachments, which makes it particularly vulnerable to complex injuries after trauma. ( 85 )

The use of physical therapy has progressed throughout the medical field for a plethora of reasons. Whether you need physical therapy after a car accident or breaking your arm in a basketball game, physical therapy has been accustomed for a wide range of injuries. Many people cannot afford the physical therapy needed because numerous insurance companies do not support the practice. Nonetheless, studies have shown that physical therapy takes a great toll on your recovery process. More importantly as children become more involved in sports and start earlier in age to be more competitive, the injury rate of children has increased significantly. With that being said, the range of injuries on the knee specifically have varied and transformed the

A list of potential new members should be projected on a screen. Potential new members should be grouped into scores of zeros, fives and 10s as assigned by rotation groups between parties and listed alphabetically within each score category. Chapter Membership Criteria should be posted. Members sit by rotation group or alphabetically by initiation date. Give 10 to 15 minutes at the beginning of each membership selection session for chapter members to prepare Kappa Kognitives. This saves time later. Additionally, ensure members have access to reliable internet

One can say that an Anterior Cruciate Ligament (ACL) tear, is an athlete’s worst nightmare. The ACL is one of four major ligaments that stabilizes and supports the knee. Its main function is to prevent anterior movement of the tibia off of the femur along with hyperextension. The ACL injury occurs from overstretching the ligament often caused by a sudden change in direction, awkward landing from a jump, sudden deceleration, or even a direct collision (3). More importantly, three out of four ACL injuries occur from non-contact instances (2). During the onset of the injury, a distinct popping noise can be heard with an instantaneous sharp pain causing the athlete to fall to the ground. It is the most common type of injury in the knee in the

Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome (PFPS) is a term that is used when describing pain in the anterior knee and surrounding areas of the joint. PFPS is most prevalent in athletes, women, and young adults but can also occur in other populations as there are several factors that contribute to PFPS such as overuse injuries, which put a great amount of force and stress on the knee and can contribute to patellar misalignment. Activities such as jogging, squatting, and climbing stairs all put increased force on the knee joints. These repetitive motions and force can cause PFPS especially if the activity’s frequency, duration, or surfaces are changed. Skeletal misalignments between the hips, knees, and ankles or muscular imbalances/weakness can lead to abnormal

The majority of ACL injuries happen during athletic tasks with no external contact to the knee joint. This non-contact nature proves that these injuries are caused by abnormal movement which can possibly be changed through training. Understanding the pattern of movement for non-contact ACL injuries provides beneficial information for how to develop different strategies to train. A great effort has been made to identify risk factors for non-contact ACL injury by using different practices over the past 2 decades. An important strategy in particular used to identify movement characteristics during injuries is the analysis of video records of ACL injury cases. Cochrane et al analyzed video records of 34 ACL injury cases in Australian football (2007).

LP is a female patient in her early 40’s who presented to the ED with a complaint of shortness of breath. The patient stated that she recently returned from an 11-hour international flight during which she experienced throbbing pain in her right calf accompanied by swelling and discoloration. She initially came in a few months ago to her primary care provider (PCP) for an uncontrollable itch which she suspected was an allergy. The PCP sent her to get a complete blood count (CBC) in the lab. Results came back which showed a 50% hematocrit level and 18g/dl hemoglobin. LP was referred to a hematologist for further testing which included a genetic component for the JAK2 gene mutation that came back positive from the blood sample, meeting the diagnostic

The sequences I would specifically mutate to create pFLS::GUS would be the three promoter motifs of the W-box localized on pFLS2 (promoter of the primary sensor against bacterial infection- FLS2). Promoter motifs, also known as the consensus sequence, are the most frequent nucleotides found in the promoter sequence and vital for proper binding of sequence dependent enzymes such as transcription factors and RNA polymerase. To begin, WRKY transcription factors that regulate certain FLS2 expression bind specifically to its consensus sequence (5’ – TTGACY – 3’) on the promoter. Thus, by mutating these sequences using point mutations, the WRKY transcription factors are unable to bind to the promoter as it does not recognize the nucleotide