PSI Scoring

158-159). “In reviewing the literature, the focus was on identifying the impact of parental mental health, the associated risks, the difficulties with the interface working, and proposed solutions” (Duffy et al., 2010, p. 159). Some of concerns expressed for the program to be effective were how mental health and child care services work together, communication between the two, role clarity, and the outcome hoped to be achieved by the development of this program was to provide holistic interventions which could not be provided by just one agency, earlier intervention which was more effective, to decrease staff stress, and to obtain a better outcome for the families involved (Duffy et al.,

Please note that this Assessment document has 8 pages and is made up of 3 Parts.

Parents experiencing poverty may struggle to provide for their children and can become very stressed from dealing with the monotonous monetary requirements. Within poverty stricken households extreme variations of parenting and guidance can be observed, from little to no presence or direction, all the way to the other side of the spectrum with severe overreactions. “Higher levels of stress negatively affect parenting style, and these parents tend to be more authoritarian or inconsistent.” (Katz, 18) Family structures, living environments, mental health, personalities, and educational backgrounds are all likely to be contributing factor to both parenting

Please note that this Assessment has 6 pages and is made up of 3 Sections.

Guidelines for Test Administration: The quiz will take place during the hours of instruction. Students will be provided 45 minutes to complete the quiz. Students will fill out their selected response questions on the Scantron and will fill out their constructed responses on a lined sheet of paper provided.

Please note that this Assessment has 12 pages and is made up of 5 Sections.

Such toxic stress can have damaging effects on learning, behavior, and health across the lifespan. Learning how to cope with adversity is an important part of healthy child development. The most effective prevention is to reduce exposure of young children to extremely stressful conditions. Research also indicates that supportive, responsive relationships with caring adults as early in life as possible can prevent or reverse the damaging effects of toxic stress response (Center on Developing Child, nd). By establishing clear lines of communication between adults and children, and home and school, parents and teachers can help to shape children’s perceptions in informed ways. During times of trouble, when emotions run high, parents and teachers can help children develop the skills necessary to manage their feelings, to confront unpleasant or adverse realities, and to acquire greater emotional stability. In order to support children in better understanding their world, adults may have to help them come to terms with circumstances that are frightening, confusing, overwhelming, or possibly unrelated to their past experience. By providing a safe and supportive environment and a healthy acceptance of all that is good in life, a calm and ready-to-listen adult can facilitate children’s well being, and help to alleviate the fear, dismay or confusion they may feel. In doing so, it is important to honor and nurture children’s sensitivity. Although parents and teachers cannot shelter children from all adversity, they are well positioned to help children learn about the imbalances in the world, to better comprehend their impact, and to find thoughtful ways to strike a comfortable and meaningful balance of their own (Foster & Matthews,

Please note that this Assessment has 6 pages and is made up of 3 Sections.

The questionnaires are scored by converting each answer to a numerical equivalent and comparing the totals for each area with the empirically derived cutoff points for that area. The responses yes, sometimes, and not yet are converted to points 10, 5, and 0, respectively describe in the steps below.

The main instrument used to measure progress in the Parent and Youth Mediation Program, which is intended to reduce conflict and enhance communication between adolescents and their parents, was the Parent Adolescent Questionnaire. The assessment examines the relationships between parents and adolescents, enabling the clinician to plan effective modes of treatment interventions through understanding the many dimensions of the parent-adolescent relationship. The assessment, based in behavioral family systems therapy, organizes information into the domains of overt conflict, skills deficits, beliefs and family structure. This enables the clinician to emphasize problem-solving and communication skills, cognitive restructuring of extreme beliefs and distorted thinking, and identify problems in family functioning in later interventions. Additionally, the scales assess global distress and conflict in multiple areas, including communication, problem solving, school, siblings, and maladaptive

The researchers (Reising, et al., 2013) demonstrated parents who suffered from depression as well as financial hardship did not have a great relationship with their children impacting their psychopathology internally and externally. Thus (Reising, et al., 2013) revealed there are countless children living in the United States surrounded by triggers that may direct them to apprehension, for instance, parents who have suffered or are still suffering from compulsive dejection, financial economic hardship, and parents who are neglectful are a few characteristics that can and may influence children and adolescent to stress leading them to behave in a manner that is not aligned with their community. The following research article are in accordance with the previous literature review relating to parental stress and depression does have an influence on children’s behavior:

Vulnerability and resilience among children continues to be a popular topic in research of developmental psychology. The two definitions are closely tied together as they are considered both sides to the spectrum. Schaffer (2006) defines vulnerability and resilience “as the susceptibility to develop malfunctioning following exposure to stressful life events, as opposed to the capacity to maintain competent functioning stress”. If stressful life events are the trigger here, why is it that some children are far more vulnerable, yet others are more resilient? The three studies discussed in this paper will attempt to explain why these differences occur and what can we do to enhance protective factors.

To test parental behaviors for both parents and their children, the Alabama Parenting Questionnaire (APQ) was used. The APQ is a 42-item self-report measure that gauges parenting practices and includes acts of both positive parenting and corporal punishment. Parents and children are to indicate whether a certain behavior (being praised or being hit with a belt) occurs 1 (never) to 5 (always). The ASI (Anxiety Sensitivity Index) measures the extent to which participants believe symptoms of anxiety can lead to “illness, embarrassment, or additional anxiety”. Responses vary from 0-4, very little to very much. The CASI, or Children’s Anxiety Sensitivity Index, is an 18-item self-report test meant to test the level at which children believe their anxiety symptoms will have negative consequences. Children can circle 1 (none), 2 (some), or 3 (a lot). The Revised Child Anxiety and Depression scales, or RCADS, assessed symptoms of anxiety. It is a 47-item questionnaire that tests for anxiety disorders and depression. The scale goes from 1 (never) to 4

There comes a time when we all come across a specific test such as school tests, driving test, or even as simple as food tasting test. However, there is a difference between regular tests and testing’s when referring to psychological testing. There are several different psychological tests that many psychiatrists, psychologists, and school counselors use to determine certain abilities, however each of the tests are used for a specific purpose. It is vital for the individuals to contain high knowledge of the tests before applying it to others.

Individuals should have an easy time completing this assessment. The format should prevent any inaccuracy in responses. The questions are written at a sixth-grade level. This could cause a problem for some individuals who can’t