PTE Response Paper

The term “Psychological trauma” refers to damage wrought from a traumatic event, which that damages one’s ability to cope with stressors. “Trauma” is commonly defined as an exposure to a situation in which a person is confronted with an event that involves actual or threatened death or serious injury, or a threat to self or others’ physical well-being (American Psychiatric Association, 2000). Specific types of client trauma frequently encountered by which therapists and other mental health workers frequently encounter in a clinical setting include sexual abuse, physical , or sexual assault, natural disasters such as earthquakes or tsunamis, domestic violence, and school or/and work related violence (James & Gilliland, 2001). Traumatic

When children experience a traumatic event, not only does it affect their emotions but it can affect many areas of development if not all of them. Equally, health and learning difficulties can also have a less desirable effect on holistic development. By looking at how such factors can affect child development, we can work towards finding a suitable learning method and helping children overcome and recover from their experiences.

The exposure of children to potentially traumatic events (PTEs) and other forms of maltreatment is

Trauma is perceived as a physical or psychological threat or assault to a person’s physical integrity, sense of self, safety and/or survival or to the physical safety of a significant other; family member, friend, partner. (Kilpatrick, Saunders, and Smith, 2003). An adolescent may experience trauma from a variety of experiences, including but not limited to: abuse (sexual, physical, and/or emotional); neglect; abandonment; bullying; exposure to domestic violence and/ or community violence; natural disasters; medical procedures; loss/grief due to a death of a family member(s); surgery; accidents or serious illness; and war (Kilpatrick, Saunders, and Smith, 2003).

This paper will define The Effects of Trauma and Crisis on Clients and Mental Health Counselors and give a brief overview on how these Natural and man-made disasters, crises, and other trauma-causing events have become a focus of the clinical mental health counseling profession. Due to the extreme trauma that children, adolescents and adult experience after a traumatic event it, is noted that most individuals that are exposed to traumatic experience usually develop major depression, generalized anxiety, and Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) later in

School-based social work and school psychology clinicians delivered CBITS in both trials. The studies showed improvements in post-traumatic stress and depressive symptoms among students who had been exposed to violence. Additionally, data was collected from students, parents, and teachers at baseline, three months, and six months for a randomized controlled trial conducted by the RAND Corporation and published in the Journal of the American Medical Association (RAND, 2011). The RAND study found there were no significant differences between the early intervention and late-intervention groups at the start of the program. At three months, students in the early intervention group had completed the program; students in the late-intervention group had not yet begun. The early intervention students showed substantial improvement. The magnitude of the difference between the two groups means that 86% of the early-intervention group reported less severe symptoms of post-traumatic stress than would have been expected without intervention (RAND, 2011). In addition, CBITS was also associated with improved school performance. Parents of students in the early-intervention group reported that their children were functioning significantly better in school. At

According to Canada’s 2012 Canadian Community Health Survey on mental health, 4.7% of the population aged 15 years and over reported symptoms in the previous 12 months that met the criteria for depression. Researchers at McMaster University in Hamilton conducted a telephone survey of 2991 people aged 18 years and older across Canada in 2002. In this survey, 76.1% of the respondents reported exposure to at least one event sufficient enough to cause PTSD. Michael Van Ameringen, co-director of McMaster’s anxiety disorders clinic and associate professor in the department of psychiatry and behavioural neurosciences, says that “for 9% of people, the symptoms that you get after experiencing a trauma might continue on.” Traumatic events are one of the major causes of depression, PTSD, and paranoia. These disorders often co-exist, and their symptoms may overlap. Studies show that depression is up to 5 times more common in people who have PTSD. These symptoms can interfere with the sufferer’s ability to perform the daily tasks required of them, and would have a negative impact on not only the life of the victim, but also that of the people around

REPORTER: The reporter/ Counselor (Anna) called with concerns for the victim, Harmony. According to the reporter, on today (09/01/2015) Harmony was itching, and she was scratching (front and back) her bottom/butt and would not stop. The reporter said the teacher was very concerned and went and got the nurse (Shanna). The nurse noticed that the child had blood in her panties, and when they asked the child what was wrong, she appeared “nervous”. The child was asked “when did it happen”, the victim looked down and said “at the lake”. The reporter said the victim was “afraid to talk and she was very nervous”, while “shaking her hands” and “holding onto her shirt with her hands”. The child was very disturbed. The reporter said the nurse “comforted the victim and gave her son Vaseline to put on her womb”.

With over 2600 students in grades 9-12, and a caseload of 400+, maintaining and developing socially, emotionally, and balanced students can be a challenge when student abilities do not always match the expectations of stakeholders. Though my school is diverse, socioeconomic status is a contributing factor when it comes to expectations, college admittance, and overall student success. Socioeconomic status increases stress because parents expect their child to get into a top university, and many are not open to a community college, even if that is what would be best for the student. For these reasons, I have identified stress and anxiety as the identified critical need. Of last year’s graduating class, 92% attended a college or university, with 63% of those attending a four-year institution. In addition, our school administered over 550 Advanced Placement (AP) exams to 10th–12th

Trauma is one of the many issues facing children of all ages today. Trauma can be defined as any negative experience that causes a child psychological or emotional stress or damage. Exposure to trauma can hinder development in many areas for children, including brain development, social development, and emotional development. The purpose of this study was to determine what impacts trauma-informed care practices had on students in a second grade classroom. Throughout the study all students had access to a calm corner, which is a place they could go if they were feeling overwhelming emotions. Students participated in daily morning community meetings. Students were also taught direct

The current treatment plan is guided by the Person-Environment-Occupation Model (PEOM), Rehabilitative, and Biomechanical frame of references.

Students face traumatizing experiences in both past and everyday life, therefore faculties

Everyone’s life’s consists of some sort of life changing situation even if it’s in the moment life a toy breaking, but some experiences are life altering, trauma induced like the death of family member. Traumatic experiences change people’s life and influence them for either the greater or the worse. Some experiences change people’s life and sometimes they don’t get affected at all, but they still remember the event. The more severe the experience may affect different people differently. Children’s mind are malleable and easily affected by traumatic experiences. How a traumatic experience can affect self discovering is intriguing and worth different perspectives of understanding. Traumatic experiences not only can affect someone physically

The survivors of traumatic events are often unable to process the experiences the mind and body has undergone, as other, normal experiences would be, due to their overwhelming and shocking nature; they are not integrated or digested (Levine, 2000). Being able to go through school with little to no issues in this day and age are pretty much none existent. Looking at the mass majority of schools many adolescent youth deal with some type of life changing event that places unwanted developments on their path. The impact trauma has on a student is complex and exhibits a wide range of reactions.

A traumatic event can seriously interrupt the school routine. Children might suffer high levels of emotional upset and there is potential for disruptive, anti-social, reckless or aggressive behaviour, children might be unable to concentrate. There might be loss of attendance unless efforts are made to reach out to the pupil and perhaps staff with additional information and services have to be called in. The involvement of the school is very important, even critical, in supporting students through the emotional and physical challenges they may face following a traumatic event in their lives.