PTSD Annotated Bibliography

Cognitive Behavioral Therapy in contrast to many other therapeutic frameworks has both an explicit rationale and an empirically demonstrable success rate. In addition to the wealth of published case histories there are a plethora of controlled studies attesting to the efficacy of CBT interventions with an equally diverse range of psychological and behavioral conditions. (Emmelkamp et al 1992).

The World War II and Korean War veterans talk about their trauma and share stories amongst each other, which is beneficial because they all can relate in some shape or form. Since I started observing this PTSD group, many of the veterans expressed how difficult it is to share their combat experiences with their family and friends because they don’t understand. Also, connecting with their loved ones was a whole other issue. The veterans believed that everyone was judging them and therefore they would isolate themselves and cope with substance use. For any veteran with PTSD, it’s important to find people who will listen without judgment (U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs, 2014). Strengths of using CBT in a PTSD group is identifying thoughts about the world and yourself that are making you feel afraid or upset. With the help of the clinician, the veterans are learning how to replace these thought with more less distressing thoughts in order for them to feel and behave differently about themselves or

However, you can manage your symptoms and live a very productive life. Most people with PTSD have issues dealing with past feelings and keep them inside. Counseling or Talking to a Therapist is very beneficial in getting better. One of the most effective treatment for PTDS is Cognitive Behavioral therapy or CBT. The two forms of CBT most frequently used are Cognitive Processing Therapy (CPT) and Prolonged Exposure (PE) therapy. The four main parts of CPT are: patients learn about the symptoms of PTSD, they become aware of their thoughts and feelings, they learn skills to help question and challenge their thoughts and understand the changes in your beliefs. There are also four main parts to PE therapy they are: education, breathing, real world practice and talking through the trauma. The most common medication to treat PTSD is a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) antidepressants. (Cohen, H. (2015). Some alternative treatments are yoga, acupuncture and

The first type of Treatment is called Cognitive behavioral therapy or CBT. Research says that this is the best type of treatment and counseling for anyone diagnosed with PTSD. Cognitive behavioral therapy is used to help the veteran think differently about their thoughts or feelings from the past. The main goal by the therapist is to help the veteran find out what past events or flashbacks correlate with the veteran’s thoughts that make the symptoms of PTSD occur. Many times, the veterans will blame themselves for a decision they made but the therapist will walk them through on how it was not their fault. Cognitive Behavioral therapy can last for three to six months. Although to some people it may seem that CBT might be the best type of treatment, it does not always work. One reason why it might not work is because the therapist may like the experience and education. The therapist may be qualified but sometimes, the therapist may fail at connecting with patient. The connection that is missed by some therapists and patients can simply occur by the therapist not having all the knowledge about all the situations soldiers face when they go to war. Soldiers struggle with their therapy if they feel that the therapist who is helping them does not have the knowledge about the battlefield or the difficulties of war itself. The relationship of the therapist and veteran can also play a major role on the effectiveness of the therapy. Some soldiers may struggle with feeling comfortable with their therapist because they are sensitive and emotional. Sometimes veterans struggle with this therapy if they cannot develop a relationship with their therapist. Another factor that can affect the effectiveness of CBT is the timing. Sometimes three to six months is not enough to show long term effectiveness of the therapy. Another treatment option is exposure therapy.

I will be collaborating with The National Institute of Mental Health for the funding of the research project. The research will attempt to identify what factors determine whether someone with PTSD will respond well to Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) intervention, aiming to develop more personalized, effective and efficient treatments. The mission of this project is to transform the understanding and treatment of mental illnesses through basic and clinical research, paving the way for prevention, recovery, and cure (National Institutes of Health, 2013).

Although American service members have felt the lasting effects of combat throughout the history of the nation, it was not until 1980 that Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder was formally added to the American Psychiatric Association’s Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders. Once referred to as “irritable heart” or “shell-shock,” PTSD made its way into the national spotlight in the years following the wars in both Iraq and Afghanistan due to U.S. military members having difficulty reintegrating into civilian life. High rates of suicide, depression, and elevated levels of violent crime within the veteran community made the need to find an effective treatment of this disorder a top priority for the Veterans Health Administration. While it is widely accepted by medical professionals that there is no single, definitive cure for PTSD, many different methods have been cultivated within the past 15 years that make coping with it an easier process; some to a greater extent than others. While medications, namely antidepressants and benzodiazepines, usually find themselves at the forefront of any discussion regarding mental debilitation, they are not a one-size-fits-all solution to the problems that combat veterans face. As this particular disorder is attached to a certain memory or traumatic occurrence, alternative methods of rehabilitation such as Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) and Prolonged Exposure (PE) have also shown promise in

To effectively treat Post Traumatic Stress Disorder, PTSD in combat Veterans and service members, therapists use different techniques, which are preceded by addressing any underlying pain associated with the disorder. In their research, Chard et al. (2011) reported significant modifications to the CPT protocol for use with patients in a TBI-PTSD residential treatment facility, including increasing the number of sessions per week, combining group and individual therapy, and augmenting the treatment with cognitive rehabilitation. However, their research was marred with the use of few participants which provides doubts regarding the outcome of the proposed treatment procedures. Moreover, the researchers do not state with certainty as to the

PTSD or Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder is an increasing problem in our country. PTSD has its roots in the military, but the entire populace is subject to its effects. I served my country for the past 21 years and have seen the before and after of the effects of combat, so any discussions about PTSD, diagnosis, treatments, and cures is likely to catch my eye. In this paper, we will discuss the basics on PTSD, current rates in society, and list the possible cures and or treatments that are currently in use. The prevalence in society should show that all people should be familiar with the signs and systems, as well as knowing some of the basic treatments to assist afflicted individuals. The goal of this paper is to provide just that for the reader.

The title of my article is: The Impact of Addiction Medications on Treatment Outcomes for Persons With Co-Occurring PTSD and Opioid Use Disorders. The authors of this article are: Elizabeth C. Saunders, Mark P. McGovern, Chantal Lambert-Harris, Andrea Meier, Bethany McLeman, Haiyi Xie. This article appeared in: The American Journal on Addictions in 2015.

The article is written to inform the reader of the findings in research conducted in assistance to finding a cure or at least a treatment to reduce symptoms of PTSD. The results at the end of the 4-month study show that there is a change in mental HRQOL. At the 4-month follow-up, more veterans randomized to MBSR had clinically meaningful change in mental HRQOL, and in both mental HRQOL and PTSD symptoms (Kearney et al., 2012). It also shows large differences between the group with regular treatment and the group that received regular treatment plus MBSR in the improvements of depression, mental HRQOL, and mindfulness skills. These results were assembled from the questionnaires and treatments provided during the study.

This treatment modality has proven effective with reducing symptoms related to PTSD, anxiety, depression, sexual behaviors problems, and shame in different random control trial (Simonich et al., 2015). TF-CBT is an adaptable model that can be used to treat a wide-range of trauma and developmental levels (Simonich et al., 2015). When aftercare follow-up was conducted there is supported evidence that participants continue to thrive 6 months, one year, and two years post-treatment (Murray et al., 2013).

There are several strengths that should be noted within this research design. By using purposive sampling, we are purposively studying veterans that are receiving services at the VA whom are diagnosed with PTSD. This is a strength because we are gaining knowledge on a specific population that has not been studied in depth, thus our research will hopefully shed light on the lack of treatment options that veterans at the VA have access to. By splitting the veterans into two separate groups with one group receiving EMDR and the other receiving CBT, we will be able to identify which therapy option is working more effectively. By using the CAPS-5 as our standardized measurement, we are able to identify whether or not CBT/EMDR therapy is successful

After three years of moving into Australia, the father was not successfully able to find a job, therefore, Christine’s mother had been obliged to work as a house keeper. At that time, Christine was attending secondary school. Her feeling of her loved mother struggling to provide the family made Christine decide to work during the school break in a food factory for a dollar per day (Lozada, D’Adamo & Carro, 2014). This actually was a milestone that put Christine on unexpected trajectory of life. It was Wednesday night, 21st of October 1959, she was on her way back from work when six guys kidnapped her and they all raped her. Christine was not able to talk about this

The purpose of this review is to evaluate the studies involving TF-CBT in the treatment for PTSD following various types of trauma, and including those that are related to physical disorders in children, and adolescents. It is also intended to review the long-term outcomes of TF-CBT in PTSD along with various modes of delivery and interventions surrounding that of TF-CBT in practice. “In 2011, child protective services in the United States received 3.4 million referrals, representing 6.2 million children. Of those cases referred, about 19% were substantiated.” (Rosenberg, 2010, p.1).”In older children, there have been several national studies on this very subject. The National Survey of Children's Exposure to Violence reports on 1 year and

Two treatment models that are used for survivors of PTSD are Cognitive processing therapy (CPT) and spirituality. The effectiveness of these two treatment models are supported by several resources. Resick (2001) notes that “CPT is a manualized, 12-session, specific form of CBT for PTSD that has a primary focus on cognitive interventions.” The first session of CPT is