Pagan And Paganism In Beowulf

In the story of Beowulf, there is a noticeable struggle between Christianity and Paganism, and the characters personal battle between the two. Throughout the story the characters display actions that lead towards Paganism and Christianity. Contrary to Pagan belief Beowulf is seen as the epitome of good and beneficent to all of mankind. In Beowulf, the people showed their faith and love in God, however due to horrific events, paranoia caused them to look for a quick fix and turns them to Paganism.

First, loyalty is very important to the Anglo-Saxon people. Loyalty is swearing allegiance to a person, place, or thing. There are many examples of loyalty in Beowulf. Beowulf is exceedingly loyal throughout the entire Anglo-Saxon epic. Beowulf shows loyalty to the Geats and his king. To elaborate, Beowulf shows loyalty to the Geats and his king, Hygelac, by notifying them of his plans to travel to the land of the Danes and help the Danish King, Hrothgar, defeat Cain’s descendant, Grendel, who has been terrorizing Hrothgar’s mead-hall. Beowulf is loyal and seeks the approval of the Geats and Hygelac before anything else(first and foremost), and Beowulf most likely would not have left the land of the Geats to help the Danes if his people and king did not approve. Also, Beowulf demonstrates loyalty to Hrothgar because of an allegiance between Beowulf’s father and Hrothgar. Beowulf helped the Danes for glory and because of a sense of devotion to Hrothgar who once helped Beowulf’s father, Ecgtheow, after he killed a man. Hrothgar paid the death price for

During Beowulf’s time, a trait many Anglo-Saxons valued was loyalty. This trait was necessary in the pagan warrior culture that Beowulf lived in and was a key factor in many actions he did. For example, he participated in many events that were grueling for any person, but for Beowulf he would do it in the name of his nation. This is shown when he states, “They had seen me boltered in the blood of enemies / when I battled and bound five beasts, / raided a troll-nest and in the night-sea / slaughtered sea-brutes. I have suffered extremes and avenged the Geats” (419-423). Beowulf is willing to put himself through long lasting hardships in order to represent his nation. Also, it may appear Beowulf originally kills off Grendel for the Danes (his other fights have been strictly for the Geats) but really, he is paying off a debt to the Danish king for protecting his father’s life and ending a feud started by his father. The king briefly explains this occurrence when telling Beowulf, “There was a feud

Beowulf demonstrates his loyalty toward his troops and his superiors time and time again throughout the poem. The first time this virtue is demonstrated in the story is when Beowulf shows eagerness to help Hrothgar and the Danes defeat Grendel. Aside from his desire to get rich and famous, Beowulf feels indebted to Hrothgar because he assisted Beowulf's father, Ecgtheow, a long time ago (470). He feels as though he owes Hrothgar his service after what Hrothgar did for his father during a feud. Beowulf also shows loyalty to his king and his homeland by returning home to Geatland after his victory in Denmark. He eventually becomes king of the Geats after Hygelac dies (2370). In this way, he fulfills his loyalty to the king and to his people.

Christianity arrived in Northern Europe over one thousand years ago. This is evidenced by some of the earliest pieces of literature that we have. The epic poem, “Beowulf”, shows many references to the influence of Christianity on English culture. There are many parallels between characters in “Beowulf” and characters from the Bible. Many Christian themes and virtues are also portrayed in “Beowulf”. Throughout “Beowulf”, the theme of Christianity manifests itself through Christ-like images of Beowulf as well as his strength in God allowing him to ward off monsters of paganism.

Scholars have argued about the religious stance of the epic poem Beowulf for centuries. Although the man who put the poem down on paper, known as the Beowulf poet, was a devout Christian, the actual poem itself is pagan. There are many clues in the epic that lead us to this conclusion such as the numerous references to pagan symbols, namely the symbol of fate. Also, the central idea of revenge in the poem opposes the ideas of Christianity. The poem also contains many breaches of the Ten Commandments, which prove that the story is not Christian. However, the biggest clue to the paganism of Beowulf is the scene that contains the burial of Beowulf and the building and idolization of the tower, all of which go directly against the

The epic poem Beowulf, was written sometime in the eighth century by an unknown author. It was based on legend passed down over time. Prior to the time the poem was written, Anglo Saxons had converted from Germanic Paganism to Christianity. Some people argue that it was a Pagan poem rewritten by a person or persons educated in Christianity. “ has come down from heathen times and acquired its Christian character gradually and piecemeal from a succession of minstrels.” ( Hector Monro Chadwick as quoted by Brodeur 182), while others believed that Christianity and Paganism both belonged in the poem. “almost without exception so deeply ingrained in the very fabric of the poem that they cannot be explained away as the work of a reviser or

The Anglo-Saxon’s of Britain, during the time of when Beowulf is thought to have been written, had been converted to Christianity from paganism. Tony Perrello’s article “Religion in Beowulf” in Encyclopedia of Themes in Literature, states “Christianity plays an ambiguous role in the poem about pagan heroes and monsters, but it is ultimately responsible for the poem’s preservation.” Perrello continues to state history behind Beowulf and how before the poem was actually written by Christian monks, which was sung previously by pagans from memory. Of course, once Christianity took over the area, Christianity was entered into the poem along with pagan rituals. During this time, the people of the Christian church were scribes who recorded works thought be important.

¬By definition, a Pagan is a person who has religious beliefs other than those of the main world religion. The epic poem Beowulf was passed down verbally from generation to generation with enlightening Pagan teachings and elements. Christian elements were not included in the poem until a Christian monk added them when it was put as written text. However, the Christian aspects collide with the Pagan elements found in the poem. Beowulf was originally told with only Pagan elements.

Overwhelmingly pagan at its core, the great epic Beowulf is built on ancient values and is deeply rooted in pre-Christianized Anglo-Saxon culture, yet still contains a lingering, albeit essential, air of Christianity’s influence. Although the great epic Beowulf is comfortable amidst its Christian backdrop, the essential pagan elements have caused a debate amongst English literary critics over its intended religious appeal. Some may argue that the epic’s core values are decidedly Christian, constant worship of an omnipotent God riddled with biblical references; yet, even these remarks are decidedly vague.

In the epic poem of Beowulf there are many pagan and Christian elements displayed. The poem was written in a time period when paganism was more common then Christianity. The blending of both religions allows the poem to appeal to a greater audience. Although the poem portrays many Christian elements, the character ultimately reverts to paganism.

During the era that Beowulf was written, people were transitioning from Pagan religious beliefs to Christianity.This transition plays a major role in the epic, because it influences the actions of characters when faced with difficult tasks or situations. This also provides inconsistencies in the story, because characters act out with Pagan’s belief in fate; however, they worship God when anything good occurs.

Beowulf’s first showing of his loyalty was when he heard about Grendel and decided to go defeat this monster. “When he heard about Grendel, Hygelac's thane was on home ground, over in Geatland. There was no one else like him alive. In his day, he was the mightiest man on earth, high-born and powerful. He ordered a boat that would ply the waves. He announced his plan: to sail the swan's road and search out that king, the famous prince who needed defenders” (Beowulf, Line 195). His decision to go and help the Danes was one of debt, for he knew of Hrothgar and had helped his father during exile. As Beowulf and his men arrived to Hrothgar’s kingdom, his guards didn’t know about this man coming, but when they saw him they were just excited knowing he could be the one. “The leader of the troop unlocked his word-hoard; the distinguished one delivered this answer: "We belong by birth to the Geat people mission and owe allegiance to Lord

Contained within the epic poem Beowulf is the continuous, underlying theme of good versus evil – the shift from paganism to Christianity. Although this epic consists of the battle between the hero, Beowulf, and the monster, Grendel (and Grendel’s mother, as well), the main overture of the story is that of the new Christian belief triumphing over evil and the old pagan beliefs. This value is but one of many that contrast the pagan and Christian principles in Anglo-Saxon and in Beowulf. The blending and cultivation of these two religions are central to the tale, and to early Anglo-Saxon life. Moreover, this shift was crucial for Christianity’s acceptance into a pagan and polytheistic- based society.

The epic story of Beowulf is bursting at the seams with examples of paganism and Christianity, the presence of religion in Beowulf is extended throughout the epic, it can be seen through kennings, characters, symbolism, and events. During the time of the Anglo Saxons, when Beowulf was written, Christianity and paganism coexisted while Christianity was changing thoughts throughout Europe. The Europe of the past maybe distant in time but not by morals, Both present-day Europe and the Europe of the past are Christian based societies with pagan tendencies. The unknown author was most likely a Christian monk recording a primarily pagan story, in which a beautiful blend of religions was created that come together to forge an epic poem. From the late 6th century towards the end of the Anglo Saxon period, through monasteries and missionaries, Christianity spread north and westward. By the time Beowulf was written down, the religion was well-established in England. Nevertheless, Beowulf himself embodies characteristics of both, occasionally his actions say he is one more so than the other. Religion can be seen throughout this piece making itself present through the actions of characters, diction chosen by the author, and symbolism between Christ and main characters such as Beowulf and Grendel, as well as the soldier's religious beliefs.