Pagan and Christian Symbolism in Sir Gawain and the Green Knight
People of the Middle Ages saw and interpreted their world through the lens of
Christianity, and the church had no small amount of symbols. These people were guided by a visual world, in which practically everything in nature became a sign for something transcendent, something that could make them stand closer to understanding God. Sir Gawain and the Green Knight provides vast Christian symbolic richness, but at the same time the poem supplies the reader with a wide range of Pagan allegory, the result making of Sir Gawain a unique story full of complex contrasts. The story begins with an uninvited guest at King Arthur’s court, during the
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In his other hand he holds an axe, a symbol of conflict and war. He is holding together good and evil.
Sir Gawain deals a savage blow to the Green Knight’s neck severing his head, only to watch him pick it up by the hair and keep talking, reminding Sir Gawain to look for him at the Green Chapel to receive his own blow with the axe. The Green Knight represents a pagan spirit of vegetation, very much like a tree with the ability to regenerate, to sprout a new limb or change its growth direction if it should be cut off; unlike a person who loses a limb and is permanently handicapped. While humans shy away from their inevitable death, it is nature which can continue to restore and regenerate itself. When the time almost comes for Sir Gawain to fulfill his promise and start his journey, he puts on his knightly clothes and armor; his shield in particular is described thoroughly:
It is a symbol which Solomon conceived once
To betoken holy truth, by its intrinsic right,
For it is a figure which has five points,
And each line overlaps and is locked with another;
And it is endless everywhere, and the English call it,
In all the land, I hear, the Endless Knot.
Therefore it goes with Sir Gawain and his gleaming armour,
For, ever faithful in five things, each in five fold manner.
From this point in the story, Sir Gawain’s Chivalry is put to the ultimate test. The Green Knight bestows Sir Gawain with various trials that he must complete. He does this by taking the form the host, having his wife tempt Gawain, making a deal to exchange winnings, and lastly, putting Gawain’s loyalty and courage to the test towards the end with the threat of losing his life at the axe.
Finally New Year's day comes. Gawain arms himself, puts on the magic girdle and sets out on his journey to the Green Chapel. After the difficult and dangerous journey, Gawain finds the cave whre the Green Knight appears. The game begins at once. At the first blow Green Knight misses Gawain. The second time the Green Knight also misses him. But the third and the final time the Green Knight " nicks him on the side of the neck."(Norton
During Sir Gawain’s journey, he is met with countless types of situational archetypes that involved conflict, character
Our attention now turns towards Gawain, who is still asleep in bed. He awakes to find the lord's wife entering his room; surprised, he quickly pretends he's asleep. She sits beside him on the bed, pins him down and points out that her lord is away and the rest of the castle is asleep. This is the first test Gawain faces, where he is tempted to break his knightly code of honor. The wife offers herself to him for sexual pleasure. Gawain is tempted by this offer but fends off her aggressive attempt by politely declining, stating that she is "bound to a better man."(228)
approaches, and Gawain gets ready to leave Camelot to find Green Knight. Gawain goes days
The Green Knight agrees if Gawain will come to wherever he thinks the Green Knight will be. Of course, Gawain has no clue where he would find him, so the Green Knight says that he will tell him if Gawain can hit him square on the neck. Then Sir Gawain strikes him directly on his neck, and the Green Knights head rolls off. The Green Knight proceeds to pick up his head and leave, while bleeding terribly from the neck as if he were unharmed. Before he leaves, he tells Sir Gawain to come to the Green Chapel when they agreed. So then a year passes before Gawain comes across his second trial. It occurs while Gawain stays in the castle of a hospitable lord before he is to meet again with the Green Knight. During his stay, the lord and Sir Gawain agree to "exchange what each has won during the day" (Ponsor 128). For three days the lord brings back what he has hunted, and Gawain gives him the kisses he has received from the lady of the castle. However, he also received a magical green scarf from the lady on the third day, but fails to exchange it for it is a token of good luck. When Sir Gawain finally meets with the Green Knight, he prepares to be struck with a scythe, but the Green Knight ends up only giving him a minor scratch on the neck. This is because the knight was testing his honor, and he scratched him because he did not maintain his honor on that third day. He was supposed to hand over
Sacrifice is a quality that many people choose to ignore. But Sir Gawain magnified this virtue to its extent, even to the brink of death. When the Green Knight challenged the knights of King Arthur for a game, and King Arthur volunteered, it was Sir Gawain who stepped in. Gawain takes on the Green Knight game and goes for the blow. Gawain chops off the Green Knight’s head, but in shocking disbelief, the Green Knight picks up his head and gives a speech. The Green Knight then instructs Gawain to get his way to the Green Chapel to receive his blow in return. Lines (347-350) states, “For I find it
There is heavy celebration and feasting among all of the court for fifteen days until New Year’s Day. King Arthur proposes a game and refuses to eat his dinner until he has heard a wonderful story. Everyone sits in quiet at Arthur’s request, and suddenly they hear something coming from the door. The Green Knight burst through the door glowing, decorated with gold speckles and wielding a glowing green axe while mounted on his Green Horse. The Green Knight has very handsome features including long hair and a long beard. The Green figure shocked the guest and the court leaving their jaws locked open at the sight of this Green Knight. The Green Knight proposes his offer reassuring Arthur that he is not there to fight, as he has no armor on, but rather test Arthur’s court that he has heard so many great things about. He offers the court a particular challenge against his life, saying that whomever strikes him must let the Green Knight repay the same blow he suffered to the challenger. With such a odd challenge at the courts midst, Arthur and his guest are still shocked at this figure and hesitate to reply. The Green Knight begins to question the courts reputation and Arthur will not take this disrespect. King Arthur steps up and grabs the Green Knight’s Axe, prepares to take a blow, but is stopped by his nephew Sir
Within Sir Gawain and the Green Knight, it is apparent that the theme of time governs the structure of the text. On New Year’s Eve, during the feast at King Arthur’s court, Gawain accepts the game offered to Arthur by the Green Knight. The Knight allows whoever accepts the challenge to strike him with his own axe. Gawain strikes, and now must be meet the Green Knight at the Green Chapel in a year and a day, from there the poem begins to be structured by time. In the beginning of part two, the poet illustrates the changing of the seasons, this imagery perceives Gawain’s departure from
There are many great movies, like “300” or “Saving Private Ryan,” that are told with the classic chivalry elements that were known to describe the noble knights from hundreds of years ago. Much like the courageous soldiers in these movies, Sir Gawain in Sir Gawain and the Green Knight, faced many conflicts that might have questioned his moral code of nobleness. Sir Gawain was a great knight that was loyal to King Arthur and had the courage to take on the challenge the Green Knight proposed at the beginning of the poem. The Green Knight asks for a brave knight to strike him and in a years’ time for the challenger to receive the strike back from him. “The society in which Gawain lived was a valorous society,” (Engelhardt 219). Sir Gawain, throughout the poem, shows various traits that are traced back to chivalry. His character is not the only thing that shows chivalry elements. The symbols like the pentangle and the Green Knight himself represent values of chivalry. The plot unravels several conflicts that make Sir Gawain really contemplate the right thing to do and a major theme deals with the nature of chivalry. The poem, Sir Gawain and the Green Knight, is about chivalry because of its symbolism, plot, and the theme.
Sir Gawain’s courageous initiative in accepting the Green Knight’s challenge is a characteristic any hero must possess. Sir Gawain begins his venture of courageousness the instant he accepts the challenge that the Green
Opening with King Arthur and his knights at round table, the story introduces a Green Knight who is suppose to be executed by King Arthur; However Sir Gawain who is not of common birth shows his obedience and loyalty to King Arthur who states “hold you [his] grim tool steady and show us how it hacks” (Boroff 176) and chops off the head of the Green Knight. After Gawain tries to execute the knight, the Green Knight then tells Gawain to travel to a green chapel where he will be judged for his actions. Because Gawain’s perception of his honor is greater than reality, Gawain does not escape and honors the Green Knight’s request. Other than having a vast amount of courage, Sir Gawain has to defeat wolves and other dangerous beasts to get the green chapel. Even though, Sir Gawain is different from the other knights because he attempts to kill the green knight, Because of the loyalty and bravery he shows, he is considered to be a medieval
When the time came, Gawain left on his journey to the Green Chapel. This journey helped Gawain gain some of the wisdom he would need to become mature. He had to travel from country to country, always asking others if they had seen the Green Knight. He
An archetypal analysis of Gawain’s quest reveals some significant changes that occur in the hero’s character. We will analyze the progress of the hero, Gawain, as he ventures out to complete his quest. By analyzing the works of Sir Gawain and the Green Knight along with The Hero With A Thousand Faces, and how it completes the Hero’s Journey.
Sir Gawain finally moves on from the castle and goes to the Green chapel, which happens to be a mound. He gets there, and is admittedly scared, but ready to die. The Green knight goes to strike Sir Gawain with his axe, but does not. The Green knight notices Sir Gawain flinches and begins to mock him. Sir Gawain proceeds to tell the Green knight that he will not be able to pick up his head like the Green knight did. The Green Knight goes to strike Sir Gawain a second time and Sir Gawain does not flinch this time. Sir Gawain is ready to die now after the first flinch. The Green knight then went to strike Sir Gawain a third time and he began to get frustrated, the Green knight began to talk with Sir