Pain Management Case Study Essay

What is pain? If you ask someone to tell you the definition of pain they will typically state something that hurts. Registered nurses should know the definition of pain and how it can be identified on their patients. However, Abdalrahim, Majali, Stomberg, and Bergbom (2010) propose that nurses did not receive adequate education in pain management and suggest the lack of knowledge hinders their ability to adequate control their patients’ pain. Therefore, the unethical treatment of pain can be traced back nurses.

The authors of the article each come with their own perepectives on pain management in the cognitively impaired older adult.

Larry, a 35-year-old truck driver complained about inflammation and pain in the flexor and pronator muscles of the forearm where the tendons originate on the medial epicondyle of the hummus (by the elbow joint). The pain is penetrating the forearm in his dominant hand which is making it very hard to work because he is finding it very difficult to shift gears. He was prescribed a non-steroid anti-inflammatory and put on light duty.

Based on the progress report dated 05/23/16, the patient complains of constant pain in the mid back, that she describes as sharp. There is radiation of pain into the lower extremities. The patient complains of constant pain in the right wrist and in the left hip travelling down to her left leg with a burning sensation affecting her left knee and ankle, causing numbness and weakness. The pain increases with prolonged periods of walking and

Based on the progress report dated 11/10/16, the patient complains of constant lumbar spine pain, rated as 2/10. Pain is described as sharp, stabbing and throbbing. Pain is aggravated by prolonged sitting, standing and walking, and relieved by rest.

Ms. Kelly is a nondrinker, smokes five cigarettes per day and uses recreational grade cannabis for pain and sleep daily.

· Extreme pain is due to the hypoxic environment that results from the occlusion of capillary beds within tissues by sickled RBCs. This sickling is due to the polymerization of HbS in low-oxygen environments occluding tissues and causing local hypoxic environments. Inflammation is indicated as the trigger for this process in many cases. Experimental studies in transgenic HbS homozygote mice using hypoxia and inflammatory drugs showed occlusion of the postcapillary venules due to increased interactions between leukocytes, RBCs, and the vascular endothelium. In addition, precapillary obstruction is observed in sickled RBCs with especially high [HbS] and increased interactions between the vascular endothelium and RBCs. The tissue damage that results from the hypoxic environment leads to an increase in inflammation in the area once the tissue is repurfused with

One provider still had some concerns on the 3-day recommendation for prescribing for Acute pain. He feels a 10 days rule is sufficient. I reiterated several statistics:

DOI: 7/7/2009. Patient is a 64-year-old female housekeeper who sustained injury while she was picking up a bag or garbage when she fell and hit her right rib cage on the table. Per OMNI, she sustained injury to neck, back, right shoulder, temporomandibular joint, and rib fracture. She underwent shoulder surgery on 8/09/12 and lumbar fusion on 12/16/13.

DOI: 2/15/2014. Patient is a 61-year-old female clinical specialist who sustained injury to her back and left knee when she was involved in a motor vehicular accident. Per OMNI, she was initially diagnosed with grade 1 L4-5 lumbar spondylolisthesis with left paracentral disc protrusion and left L5 radiculopathy.

DOI: 01/23/2015. Patient is a 62-year-old male foreman who sustained injury when he slipped off truck's metal step, fell from 6 feet, landed on his tailbone, and hit his right head.

Pain is often related to increased anxiety, sleep disorder, depression and lower quality of life (Tsao, Plankey & Young, 2012). According to Beavers, Giggey & Tepe (2009), the prevalence of chronic pain together with a mental disorder is 30%, which doubles the percentage of individuals without a mental disorder. Sun et al. (2013) compared the therapeutic effects of electroacupuncture and fluoxetine on the depressive disorder (MDD). The study demonstrated that electroacupuncture treatment had a faster improvement rate that treatment with fluoxetine (antidepressant drug; Sun et al., 2013). The effectiveness of electroacupuncture may be associated with the alteration of Glial Cell Line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF), which is the

Based on the progress report dated 06/17/16, the patient continues to have moderate daily pain in his low back. He utilizes 4 Norco tablets per day, but these have proven to dramatically increase his function. Without medication, the patient has a Visual Analog Score (VAS) of 81 and with medications, VAS is 22 with improved function. It was noted that the analgesic medications provide substantial reduction of pain for a minimum of up to six hours and as noted under the VAS scores, improve function and quality of life.

When assessing the neurological system, identifying whether pain is chronic, acute, or referred is a component of a thorough assessment. “The international Association for the Study of Pain and the American Pain Society defined pain as an unpleasant sensory and the emotion al emotional experience associated with acute actual and potential tissue damage are described in terms of such damage” (Huether & Mccane, 2017, P.336). Reminiscing back when I attended the Associate Degree Nursing Program, pain was identified as the sixth vital and the instructor always stated that pain is always what the patient says it is. The three clinical description of pain that will be discussed in this discussion is acute, chronic, and referred pain. “Acute pain

Patient was assessed to have a recurrent exacerbation of low back pain partially due to lack of access to medications, left lumbar myofascial pain syndrome, and stable neck pain. Patient is Permanent and stationary.