Pakicetus Research Paper

I believe the Ambulocetus was the first organism in whale evolution to live primarily in the water, this is due to the fact that the Ambulocetus whale had a hard time staying on land due to its weak legs that could not support its heavy body.

The ungulate hypothesis had morphological evidence based on cerebral blood circulation that indicated a link between Cetaceans and Artiodactyls (even-toed ungulates).1 It was also hypothesized that another group of extinct mammals, the mesonychids, were the direct ancestors of modern whales. Mesonychids were a taxa of large and carnivorous ungulates. The evidence that led to this hypothesis was based on the teeth of mesonychids being similar to the teeth of early whales, called archaeocetes.1 Phylogenetic analyses done in the mid-2000s as well as the discovery of hind limbs in archaeocetes that lived around the same time as mesonychids, have since shown this hypothesis to be false; mesonychids, however, are considered still a sister group to the cetaceans.1,2

First, the author asserts that being the kind of creature with so much mass, Brachiosaurus needed long legs to support them on land, yet the buoyancy would help share this burden. In the lecture, however, the professor indicates that Brachiosaurus were able to walk on land with the fossil tracks of such creatures

Recent evidence suggests that whales may not have always inhabited the oceans. Bones of an ancient ancestor of modern day whales, the Basilosaurus, were discovered in Pakistan that suggest whales evolved from a wolf-like creature. This genus of an early whale lived 34-40 million years ago in the late Eocene. These fossils show many different features in common with both modern day whales and modern day land mammals. Since the discovery of these bones, many other evidences show that whales are a likely descendant of the Basilosaurus through many different ways, such as embryologic comparison and DNA testing. Whales aren’t the only suspected descendants

I'm absolutely certain that Kykuit is the oldest best kept mansion out there. Constructed in 1913 Kykuit is a historic mansion where onced lived John D. Rockefeller and the family . Who were known for industrial, political, and banking family that owns one of the world's largest fortunes. Kykuit is a six story stone mansion that has been up for more than 100 years. The house has a underground art gallery collection from as far as the 20th century. That contains the artist Pablo Picasso, Henry Moore, and lots more. Also part of his collection is Picasso tapestries, and the cavernous Coach Barn. Trust me it's not an experience you want to miss.

Leopards are the only natural predator of adult okapi, but the African golden cat will take calves. The biggest threat to the okapi is habitat destruction as humans clear the rain forest for timber and agriculture. Another threat is illegal hunting for okapi for their skins and their meat, which is considered a delicacy in some quarters.

You could say that almost everything was larger. Cameroceras is one of the largest orthocone cephalopods ever to exist. It was encased in a hard conical shell for defense. It had squid like limbs for grasping prey, a large keratinous beak that could crush the armor of even the hard eurypterids, large complex eyes, and was powered by a jet propulsion system that sucked in water from the sides and shot it out of a hyponome in the middle. It ate eurypterids like Megalograptus. Megalograptus is a large eurypterid, or sea scorpion. It had 6 pairs of appendages each specialized for a unique purpose. It had legs for walking, paddles for swimming, a tail for propulsion with a spike for fighting and trapping prey, front appendages lined with spikes for trapping the prey, and finally chelicerae to dismember the prey for eating. It had compound eyes like a fly, providing it with good vision. The tail was composed of three pincers that could move in and grasp something very tightly. It made a diet out of trilobites, armored arthropods with their bodies divided in

Peyote is a small spineless cactus that can be transformed into a drug. Peyote, (or mescaline) can be consumed by smoking it, eating it, being brewed into tea or making it into powder that is stored in capsules. Peyote was discovered by the europeans in the new world, and was conquered by the spanish. Peyote came to be known in the united states by the native americans who used the illegal drug to “pray.” Peyote has become illegal because of the mescaline in it. Peyote’s scientific name is known as Lophophora williamsii, as Mescaline scientific name is known as to be found in most peyote drugs. Mescaline also gives the peyote drug its effect. People who consume Peyote in any way might experience many hallucinations. This drug is native to Mexico

It had three toes like the old horse, but the two side toes are a lot smaller. They had long heads with their eyes connected to the middle of the skull. They were found in the Great Plains and Florida over 20 million years ago.

Marine biology is the scientific study of aquatic organisms, their characteristics and behaviors [1]. Even though everyone on the planet is aware of the fact that about 70 percent of the Earth’s surface is covered with water, it is believed that only 5 to 10 percent of the oceans have been explored yet [1]. There are hundreds of thousands of marine creatures that can be found underwater with unique features. Ocean life is very diverse and is categorized into different groups, such as sharks, mammals, reptiles etc. Of them, whales fall into the category of mammals and are considered as one of the most magnificent and amazing creatures that have ever lived in the sea. In this essay, I am going to sketch the evolution

motion , the most common being Kneading. Other techniques are wringing , skin rolling and lifting. It

Whales (Cetacea) are unique among mammals in that they possess exceptionally dense, pachyosteosclerotic tympanic bullae1. Along the margin of the bulla is a highly mineralized, extremely dense wall of bone called the involucrum that serves as a special adaptation to life in the sea and as a means to facilitate sound reception and directionality underwater2,3,4. Moreover, this cetacean synapomorphy plays an important role in distinguishing its members from the ancestral terrestrial artiodactyls from which whales diverged5. When cut into cross-sections, the involucral region of the tympanic bullae in many mysticete (baleen whale) lineages reveals three easily distinguishable ‘zones’ of concentric laminar growth. Here we hypothesize that these three distinct zones identified along the length of the tympanic bullae are capable of recording life history events during early development, when the cetacean tympanoperiotic region is known to be rapidly ossifying6. We propose that the innermost zone (1) represents rapid in utero growth, the intermediary zone (2) represents rapid birth and postnatal development, and the outermost zone (3), markedly thinner, represents slower, more lamellar development from weaning on through adulthood.

They also possessed four fleshy fins which extend outwards like limbs and arrange in alternating pattern. The movement of their paired fins is like the movement of forelegs and hind legs of tetrapod moving on land.

The Staurikosaurus was a terrestrial, carnivorous organism. It probably fed on smaller vertebrates and other dinosaurs. It could clasp on to its prey and chew it before it swallowed it.

Introduction: The name of seahorses is given to about 40 species of marine fish that occur worldwide. This group belongs to the family: Syngnathidae and the genus Hippocampus. The genus name comes from the Ancient Greek whereas Hippo means horse and Kampos means sea monster. The name in other Greek translation means bent horse. The size of this unique fish may reach up to 35 cm with an estimated lifespan of about 5 years.