Pakistan's Heartland Under Threat By John Lancaster

Due to past events, the Afghan government is now struggling to keep up with their citizens’ problems with living there. Bombing, wars, harassment, feminism, and abuse have been some of the main topics of bad events in the last few years in Afghanistan. Dystopia is a society that can be characterized with extreme hunger, poverty, misery, and the imbalance among the people; the Taliban taking over was the cause of how Afghanistan is still dystopian today. When one analyzes Ashraf Ghani’s choice to allow the Taliban to form, and the impacts the Taliban are still having on the people, one can realize how important genres of literature can be to educate the world about this dystopian

Islam is also used to acknowledge what is right and wrong. Although Islam is a peaceful religion the Taliban used to justify its extreme behaviors. They did this by killing people from other religions or religious sector they did not agree with. Like the Hazara, which Hassan was a part of considered to be of lesser status. The Taliban also believed that the only way to practice was if it was Pashtun. Since Hassan was considered lower class he became on of Baba and Amir’s servants. Even though Hassan was technically Baba’s child he never claimed him. Part of this reason he was never claimed could be because of the difference in status. Hazara cannot go against a Pashtun’s word. This comes into play when Amir feels guilty about not doing anything about Hassan’s rape so instead on confronting him or talking to relive his stress and guilt. Amir plants a watch underneath his pillow to make it look like Hassan was stealing from them. Although in this case Amir did not get what he wanted because Baba forgave Hassan for his supposed theft. It is not until after Hassan dies and Amir saves Sohrab from the Taliban that his guilt

Hamid shows Changes perception of individuality. People like Changes suffered a lot in America and got interest to know native identity. Native culture and identity is awesome for every individual. Changes worries that even after all the sacrifices and services of Pakistanis has never treated Pakistan as ally or friend. There is probability that Americans might have encouraged Indians to envy with Pakistanis. Hamid painfully conveys that Americans never treat non- European Counties as their friends and they treat like tissue papers.

In the middle of 1971 the war between India and Pakistan became a must for India, there seemed no miracle to halt the inevitable nor Allah wanted Pakistan to keep continuing with its’ nefarious activities, and the entire world leaders and major powers become active to have their own slice of flash. The intelligence agencies of USA, USSR, China, India, Pakistan and other countries became highly active, sensitive to each and every movement in the Indian-sub-continent. Israel’s Mossad came out highly successful in trapping a few high govt, official of Pakistan’s Defence Ministry, and women who were regular visitors to President’s House of Pakistan in Rawalpindi. The valuable information procured by Mossad were passed on to India and Gen.Yahya Khan never came to know the moles in his house and office.

Taliban - the world's most extreme and radical Islamic organization that inspires fascination, controversy, and especially fear in both the Muslim world and the West - has been brought into sharp focus in Ahmed Rashid's book "Taliban". This enormously insightful book gives an account of Taliban's rise to power, its impact on Afghanistan and the Central Asian region. The book also analyzes the wider regional and geopolitical implications of the Taliban's advent to power and the role that Taliban has to play in oil and gas companies decisions. The author also discusses about the changing attitudes of various countries like America and Saudi Arabia towards Taliban and its effects on Afghanistan.

Khaled Hosseini’s A Thousand Splendid Suns is a four part novel that takes place in Herat and Kabul, Afghanistan and Murree, Pakistan from 1964 to 2003. Major themes in the novel include subservient role and abuse of women in Afghan culture, on-going struggle for political power in Afghanistan form 1970s to the present, destructive impact on a country and its people, and perseverance of the human spirit in the face of extreme adversity. The New York Times articles “Afghanistan Said to Overturn Death Sentences in Woman’s Lynching,” “Mullah Muhammad Omar, Enigmatic Leader of Afghan Taliban, Is Dead,” and “Waves of Suicide Attacks Shake Kabul on Its Deadliest Day of 2015” can relate to the characters and events of the novel.

Since the Earth’s inception, humankind has banded together by various abstractions such as language, religion, and art. These abstractions allow us to tangibly define and pass along various concepts. Furthermore, these abstractions make up the characterization of that particular group of individuals, creating what we know as a culture. By definition, culture is “the customary beliefs, social forms, and material traits of a racial, religious, or social group” (Culture, 2018). There are literally thousands of cultures spanned across the globe. One of these such cultures is that of the country of Afghanistan. Afghanistan is one of the oldest countries in the history of the world, marred by centuries of conflict and decades of war, though

A country’s government should seek to afford rights that provide protection and resolve conflicts for its people. Identifying necessary fundamental rights, and more so incorporating those rights, have proven to be a difficult task for the Afghanistan Parliament, as they continually struggle to resolve conflict in the region. Attempts to establish an Afghanistan parliament have subsequently failed to resolve the reoccurring conflicts that have plagued the region for ages. Taliban and Al Qaeda forces have proven relentless in their efforts to spread hatred over the years. Nonetheless, Taliban and al-Qaeda forces are no match for the highly skilled forces of America and its allies, who have played a vital role in the dismantling of, and essentially the fall of the Taliban government over several wars.

Afghanistan is a country which has been suffering since the rise of the Taliban on October 10th of 1994. This group of people have caused a lot of vandalism to the world and mainly to the people of Afghanistan for years, and they still are. Many people create assumptions around things or countries they know nothing of and that has become a big problem because these assumptions might not be true.“For more folks in the west, Afghanistan is often a sound bite on CNN about the Taliban, or the soviet war or maybe the land mines, “he says, “But i don’t think a lot of people have a sense of the culture. Some people don’t know it snows in Kabul. They think it’s all deserts and hot” (Khaled and Cowan). Hosseini’s novels educate and somewhat minimize the stereotypes and

Britain got involved in the first war with the Afghans in 1839 when her army captured Kandahar and Kabul in the hope of curbing the Russians influence. However, British presence in Kabul did not last long as by 1842 Afghan tribesmen resisted with force and managed to oust the British from Kabul. That event marked the first time in the history of Afghanistan that the Afghan people not hesitate to use force to repel any outsiders. The British got involved militarily again with the Afghans in May 1879 and again, history repeated itself when in September 1879; the entire British envoy in Afghanistan was killed by the Afghan’s uprising. Although the British managed to get hold of the country, but due to constant rebellion and violent, the British

Afganistan is a terrotity which was a battleground between the great powers for centuries. Afganistan history is a war history since the 3rd Century when it was a part of Ashoka’s Maurayan Empire and becomes a buffer state between British and Russian empire by the end of the 19th Century. War culture produced a great warriors of history like Sultan Mahmud of Ghazni and Babur. Multiple civilisations influenced the diverse culture of Afganistan which is a potential cause of conflict in modern day Afganistan [1]. The focus of this article is the Afganistan under Jihadi rule.

For most people, it would be a dream to live surrounded by mountains and clear blue lakes, except if a terrorist group ruled the area. The Swat Valley, located in Pakistan, was reclaimed for its beauty, as it was situated near mountains. Tourism was one of the Swat Valley’s largest industries, until the area was seized by the Taliban. The Taliban used guns and bombs to terrorize the citizens of the Swat Valley, so citizens would succumb to their way of life. This affected people’s jobs, education and their health. The Swat Valley was just one of the many places that were occupied by the Taliban. The Taliban ruined thousands of lives of those in Pakistan and Afghanistan. Using violence, the Taliban controlled and affected the lives of people in terms of their careers, mental states and education.

Pakistan matters because this country is the corridor between the Eastern Asia and the Middle East. It is one of the seven declared nuclear weapon states with one of the largest armies in the world. Pakistan is important because it has been part of five declared wars in the past sixty years with its neighboring country, India. The country is also at war with few of the most dangerous terrorist groups in the world like Al-Qaeda, Taliban, etc. It is one of the main allies of the United States and United Kingdom. Pakistan is one of the most complex democracies of the world. Its different ethnicities, languages and regions make it one of the most diverse nations in the world. The country was founded on the Westminster model, but the government has been overthrown by military leaders three times since Pakistan’s creation. That makes it function differently from Britain. Many dismissed the Pakistani economy for years because of its poor frugality and government functionality. It has constantly faced a rapid economic fall in the past few years, forcing the world to pay attention.

Imagine, there is a girl and she is stripped from her right to have an education, or there is a women that is castigated for doing something without a man; this is the life Pakistani women and girls face. Pakistan has over the years created a dystopian society for many different reasons. When deciphering how Pakistan and the Taliban make decisions that create a dystopian society among their citizens, one can observe what the leaders of Pakistan did that made the society become dystopian, they can assess what impact these decisions had on Pakistani people and other nations, and one could analyze the way authors delineate dystopia in novels.

Manzoor et al (2013) reported that Pir Lisura N. Park, AJK, Pakistan area has 159 species of vascular plants, belonging to 83 different families which includes 48 species of trees, 38 shrubs, 61 herbs, 7 grasses, 1 epiphyte and 4 ferns. Among trees 2 species of gymnosperms which are widely distributed on all mountain slopes and most frequently exploited for timber. Other 46 tree species are angiosperms which occur in selected patches of favourable habitat, mostly associated with human settlements and agricultural fields.