Paleoanthropology

“God creates dinosaur. God destroys dinosaur. God creates man. Man destroys God. Man creates dinosaur.”

In the Paleolithic Era, humans relied on hunting and gathering to live, living off the resources the environment provided and moving on when resources became scarce. This nomadic lifestyle allowed them to eat a variety of plans and animals, including birds, mammoths, bison, deer, rodents, roots, and berries. Because plants grew, fruited, and matured at different times of the year, gathering remained a fairly constant means to provide food throughout the year. Although small animals and young, ill, wounded, or old animals were easier to hunt successfully, hominids quickly mastered the techniques to hunt large mammals, such as bison, rhinoceros, horses, woolly mammoths, and mastodons, to feed more people. To do so, these hunters had to have high levels of cooperation, intelligence, communication, and abstract reasoning, utilizing disguises, ambushes, camouflage, and traps.

Palaeontology – the scientific study of fossils and all aspects of extinct life determining the structure and evolution of extinct animals, plants, the age and conditions of deposition of the rocks in which they are found.

Paleontology is the branch of science concerned with animal and plant fossil. Paleontologist travel all over the globe to dig up fossil to show the world. Paleontology has always fascinated me since I was a child. I decided to should this career path because I am passionate about the career path. Paleontology is a great fir for me academically, socially, and financially.

One of the most incredible achievements of Paleolithic people was their ability to migrate across the globe. Paleolithic people first originated in Eastern Africa near the present-day countries of Tanzania, Uganda, and Kenya. The need for food and resources led to the initial migration out of Africa. The discovery of fire and warm animal skin clothing enabled people to live in colder climates which increased migration. In conclusion, the need for resources and discoveries such as fire and warm clothing, led to global migration.

The evolution of the Paleolithic people resulted in a lot of differences in perspective and belief of modern humans, but also maintained values that have already existed. First, both societies had some parallels in their belief. The Paleolithic emphasized the power of God and spiritual divinity, and those beliefs remain today in the form of religions. For examples, Australian aboriginals whose backgrounds are Paleolithic established the concept of Dreamtime, which nature and the origin of the world around them were valued. Similarly, Christianity in the modern world also believed in God’s creation that shaped the world today. However, present-humans didn't worship spiritual life as much as the Paleolithic did. Advanced scientific technologies

Archaeologists study our human history by examining artifacts that we used, or human or ancient bones they can determine how we used those artifacts and how we evolved they can also help finding new information about older generations of people.

There are many things that I have already learned in this class. Like the meaning of Paleo Lithic and Neolithic and how they came about and how they originated. We have also Mesopotamia that we have mentioned throughout class, and that is located is the eastern Mediterranean area. We also went over some other definitions through out the week and talked about some of the more important figures in our history.

The Paleolithic Era began at the beginning of human life and ended 12 thousand years ago. The era was given the nickname “The Old Stone Age” because stone was used both in tools and to make tools. One of the most important tools used by humans was the spear. Spears were made for hunting for food and protection from dangerous wildlife. During the Paleolithic Era the climate was much colder than the present. This made food limited so humans had to follow the migration of game.

Paleontology is in an important field in the sciences, straddling the line between biology and geology it helps us to understand past life forms. This better understanding up the past helps in the prediction of future events. Over the past sixty years or so have come a number of great advancements in this area of study. Traditionally advancements in paleontology have come by way of field discoveries, these are very important; however there have been a number of other advancements that have occurred that are in lab work and theories. Some of the lab technology involves advances in computers, computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging, and genetics. There have been a number of discoveries that have led

Hopewell prehistoric culture remains iconic in the American archeology. Due to USA political expansion into the Ohio Valley in the early nineteenth century, settlers became aware of the myriad of ancient earthworks making the landscape. The Ohio region was inhabited intermittently since the paleothic, with earthworks appearing in the late archaic. After bout 100BC there were many changes occurring on different fronts including the introduction ceramic vessels, increase in use of exotic items and associated trade networks. Adena was the cultural manifestation in Southern Ohio during the early woodland (Dragoo 1963). Cultural complexity within Adena culminates, marked the change in the middle woodland period;

The beginning of human society began with ape looking humanoids chasing animals with clubs, inbreeding, and banging on rocks with sticks attempting to make fire. Harsh generalizations, but in an essence it is true. The Paleolithic and Neolithic societies were a result of the huge leap forward which marked significant (of the time) technological advancements and more effective social structures. But a lot of those “advancements” were the logic to breed outside their families and to save their foods during the winter, which is fairly obvious considering all societies at the time figured them out. But the societies that truly stood out for being different and unique in their own developments were the most influential, like Sumer, the first Mesopotamian society. The Sumerians of Mesopotamia were the most influential to the modern day world. Around during 3500 BCE(Mertens, notes), they advanced crazily quickly compared to the civilizations before them. Initially they were groups of free people and slaves, but eventually as settlements expanded and populations grew, cities developed with effective leadership. Sumer made the biggest contributions to the modern world terms of social classes/structures, technology/logistics, and culture. Several of those including the creation of the wheel, the calendar, the first forms of writing and democracy.

Introduction Paleolithic development Neolithic Revolution "New Stone age" • Human appearance started roughly around 2 million years ago 1/4000 of the time earth has existed • Human species issues and strength Aggressiveness, back problems due to upright structure, fears , and tensions Grip, sex drive, omnivores, speech • Slow start for human improvement "Stone Age" 2.5 million - 2000B.C.E Use of simple tools such as shaped rocks and sticks Increase of brain development and capacity • Homo sapiens appear 120,000 years ago in Africa evolving into modern humans • Homo Sapiens face early constraints Hunters and gatherers cannot maintain large gorups Two people required at least one square mile to survive

Alternatively, in order to make a full analyze of weather the ritual for the Tsantsa are considered violent ritual the paper will give a basic background within the bioarchaeology and terminology. Bioarchaeology is the study of human remains within an archeological context. Early bioarchaeology focused mainly on human skulls and racial typologies. Typologies are defined as the categorization of general types. While modern bioarchaeologist focused main on context and the importance of the human remains culture and how that may have affect their remains. A subcategory for bioarchaeology is forensic anthropology which is the study of human remains apposed to a legal context and this involves; human rights investigation, missing person excavation and mass fatality incident.

The civilized man first came around in 30,000 B.C.E. (the Paleolithic Age), because this is when the Homo Sapien Sapiens first introduced symbolic thought. When a species can recreate something they have seen, and make it hold meaning to others throughout generations, then the species must be civilized. A lion carved from ivory, thought to be made around 27,000-25,000 years ago in Pavlov, Czech Republic, shows the process of symbolic thought. Furthermore, symbolic thought couldn't have been achieved without the largest brains of their kind. When a computer has more storage space, it can hold more storage. The same goes for a brain. The bigger the brain, the more space for more information. They