Pamd501 Paper

However, they tend to have a focus on certain organizational aspects making the modern organization system be a blend of the three major perspectives. Based on organizational science that was formulated in the early 20th century there has been an emergence of rational, open and natural system theorists that explain the functioning of the organizations.

Some have seriously misinterpreted Weber and have claimed that he liked bureaucracy, that he believed that bureaucracy was an "ideal" organization. Others have pronounced Weber "wrong" because bureaucracies do not live up to his list of "ideals". Others have even claimed that Weber "invented" bureaucratic organization. But Weber described bureaucracy as an “ideal type” in order to more accurately describes their growth in power and scope in the modern world. His studies of bureaucracy still form the core of organizational sociology.

A bureaucracy is defined as the complex structure of offices, tasks, rules, and principles of organization that are employed by all large-scale institutions to coordinate effectively the work of their personnel. The classic conception of a bureaucracy was advanced by Max Weber, a German sociologist, who argued that the bureaucracy was a “rational” way for a modern society to conduct business. As Americans, we rely heavily on the structure and function of bureaucracies. From the most mundane to ornate tasks, the function of a bureaucratic society impacts each of our lives on a daily basis. It is the very detailed and structured departments that provide the essential foundation for which all of Americans rely on.

Organisation has formal and informal elements. The formal organisation is the part of the system that has legitimacy and official recognition. The informal organisation is the unofficial part of the system. Studies showed during the 1920s and 1930s that it

Weber’s bureaucratic approach focuses on the importance of hierarchy by putting great emphasis on the use of rules, procedures and making impartial personnel decisions when managing. He put great emphasis on the jurisdiction, explaining that work should be “divided according to type and purpose” staying within the correct working unit just as the organization’s rules and laws would state (Milakovich, et. al., 2013, p. 146). A hierarchy would be established with a chain of command clearly identifying a system of super- and

The formal structure of the organization represents the way the organization is intended to function in terms of division of work, supervisory relationships, communication channels, major subunits, and levels of management.

Based on this right, the bureaucracy designed by Weber has clear division of labor; thoroughly indicated hierarchical relationship and pointed out impersonal relationship (Crozier, 1964). In the course of history, there have been various more perfect organizational systems, therefore, bureaucratic theory was questioned and criticized by many scholar. However, there are still certain organizations that use bureaucracy theory to design the corporate structure despite many critical views.

The type of organizational theory that I would choose if I had my own organization would be the neoclassical organizational theory. This theory seems to be the best one

Kirst-Ashman emphasizes “that specifically designed, formal structure and a consistent, rigid organizational network employees are most important in having an organization run well and achieve its goal” (as cited in Griffin & Moorhead,2012). Based on a rigid structure which, focuses on the productivity and sufficiency of completing tasks, the classical organization theory

As Taylor and Fayol were focusing on the problems within management and wanting to fix them, Max Weber developed and designed a theory of authority. Weber believed that activities should be divided and written rules are the best way for an effective business. ‘It’s a form of organisation that is premised on the efficient ordering of people and things’ (Parker, 2002, pg. 4). Weber’s main contention was if business’s wanted a stable and better work environment, bureaucracy is the best theory as the Collins Australian School Dictionary defines it as ‘the complex system of rules and procedures which operates in government departments’ (Collins Australian School Dictionary, 2006) Examples of bureaucracy are the Catholic Church, social services and even department stores (Anheier, 2005, pg. 143). ‘Bureaucracy breaks work into pieces and, in the process, the knowledge required and conferred by each piece of work’ (Jackell, 1988, pg. 80). Within bureaucracy, there are five principles taken into account. Principle one is authority and the power that managers hold. Weber believes that with principle two, people should obtain positions that are based on their skills rather than who they

The whole theory of Weber’s bureaucracy is rationally designed to achieve functional performance at all levels and every part of the bureaucracy should contribute to the whole institution. However the bureaucracy limits freedom and makes it difficult for individuals or workers to understand their activities in relation to the organization as a whole. Therefore bureaucracy applies to an organization that is rigid and formally structured with many characteristics needed in order to run

Management, is the art and science of getting things to be done, generally by others. (Mullins 2011), states is the way of organizing the things and to direct the duties of people in the setting of their jobs In many organizations, people are managed in the setting of their jobs because all employees have different abilities (Thompson, and McHugh, 2009). The different management perspectives evolved are classified into five perspectives, classical, humanistic, management science, recent historical trends and the innovative management. The classical theory includes three other perspective, scientific management, Bureaucratic organization, and Administrative approach. These are the historical theories of management. Based on the classical perspective

Before one can fully understand what Representative Bureaucracy is, it is critical to have a comprehensive understanding of Bureaucracy. Bureaucracy can be defined as the hierarchical design of an organisation rationally to coordinate the work of numerous individuals in the pursuit of large-scale administrative tasks and organizational goals. It was introduced and developed by the German sociologist Mr. Max Weber (1864-1920). Marx Weber argued that bureaucracy as technically superior over the other structural organizational forms in terms of precision, speed, lack of

The reading, “Bureaucracy”, explained how Weber disagreed with employees being loyal to their bosses than the organizations, which creates a family-like structure. He believed in a more formal structure which is known as bureaucracy. His theory of bureaucracy is defined by six major principles. The first principle is the division of work or management by rules, meaning there will be consistency in both organizational and management practices, making things easier and run more smoothly. The second principle is a formal hierarchical structure, meaning that those individuals with higher position will supervise or watch over individuals of lower position. The third principle is formal selection or employment based on technical qualifications, meaning employers should be chosen based on their experiences and capabilities rather than their personal choice. The fourth principle is the formal rules and regulations by the organizations and its members that should be recorded to be accounted for and showing consistency throughout. The fifth principle is impersonality, meaning managers should be unbiased, treating all employees and customers equally, being less influenced by their individual differences. The sixth principle is career orientation, where people are organized into units or groups based on the type of skills they have.

This assignment will discuss the four “theoretical schools” [1] starting from the scientific management theory for Taylor, passing through the administrative theory for Fayol, and Bureaucracy and organizational structure theory for Weber, and ending with administrative behaviors for Simon. And for each theory, the assignment will handle the