Pancreas Effect On The Human Body

The pancreas is a vital organ that lies in the upper abdomen, behind your stomach. It works closely with the liver and ducts that carry bile. The pancreas releases enzymes that help you digest food, especially fats and protein. The pancreas also secretes hormones that help manage your blood sugar.

"Cancer of the pancreas is a genetic disease that is the fifth most common cause of death in both men and women. Pancreatic cancer affects approximately 28,000 Americans each year, or five out of 100,000 people" (Mayo Clinic, 1998). According to physicians at Johns Hopkins Medical Institute, "pancreatic cancer is the challenge of the twenty-first century." So, where exactly is the pancreas located in our bodies, and what does it do? The pancreas is a gland found behind the stomach that is shaped somewhat like a fish. The pancreas is about six inches long and less than two inches wide, and it extends across the abdomen. The pancreas consists of two separate glands inside the same organ, the exocrine gland and the

The pancreas, located behind the stomach, is a long, thin organ about the length of the hand. It

The common bile duct originates in the liver and the gallbladder and produces another important digestive juice called bile. The pancreatic juices and bile that are released into the duodenum, help the body to digest fats, carbohydrates, and proteins. Endocrine Function: The endocrine component of the pancreas consists of islet cells that create and release important hormones directly into the bloodstream. Two of the main pancreatic hormones are insulin, which acts to lower blood sugar, and glucagon, which acts to raise blood sugar. Maintaining proper blood sugar levels is crucial to the functioning of key organs including the brain, liver, and kidneys.

There are many types of diabetes. The two I will be discussing are type 1 and type 2. Type 1 generally affects young people and requires treatment with insulin. Five to ten percent of Americans with diabetes have this type. People with type 1 diabetes do not produce insulin and need regular shots of it to keep their blood glucose levels normal. People who are at risk for type 1 are those who have a family history of the disease,

ptors and The pancreas is the organ responsible for the maintenance of blood glucose levels. The pancreas is the biggest gland in the body and part of the endocrine system responsible for the production of hormones. Hormones coordinate many body processes and circulate in the blood searching for hormone receptors. Since the pancreas secrete hormones directly into the bloodstream, islets of langerhans are situated very close to capillaries in the liver so there is a short diffusion distance. Cells are unresponsive to a hormone if they lack the appropriate receptors. When insulin binds to its specialised receptor protein, it changes the shape of the intracellular portion of the receptors. This activates enzymatic activity causing glucose transporters,

Diabetes can be treated through careful management of the body. Type 1 requires daily injections of insulin, along with a strict diet and exercise. Type 2 does not require insulin injections, but other medications

The pancreas produces the amount of hormones the body needs at specific times. So it knows when to produce more hormones or reduce. If blood glucose is too high the cells of the pancreas are stimulated to produce more insulin. If the blood glucose is too low less insulin is made. Page 2

The endocrine system, along with the nervous system, functions in the arrangement of the bodies activities. The nervous system undertakes electrical inclination and neurotransmitters to cause muscle contraction. The endocrine system operates through chemical messages called hormones. Hormones can influence development, growth and metabolic movements. The pancreas is a gland that is found in between the abdomen, stomach and the spine. The liver, intestine, and other organs surround the pancreas. The pancreas is about 6 inches long. The biggest part of the pancreas is the head, the middle section is the body, and the thinnest part is the tail. The pancreas is an organ in the upper abdomen. Functioning as an exocrine gland. The pancreas excretes enzymes to break down the

The reason why glucose is excreted in the urine is because the blood glucose level rises so high that it cannot all be reabsorbed by the kidney tubules. This in turn makes it harder for the kidney to reabsorb water, so urine production increases. In severe diabetes the patient may produce over 20 litres of urine per day, resulting in intense thirst. Without insulin, some tissues cannot use glucose so they switch to fatty acids. In the absence of carbohydrates these are burned inefficiently, producing acidic ketone bodies as waste products. Besides giving the breath a peculiar odour, the lower the blood pH, causing acidosis and coma and if there is not treatment, death. There are two types of diabetes

There are two types of diabetes; Type 1 depends on controlling the blood glucose and an insulin doses while people with Type 2 can be controlled by diet and exercise and can also be managed with oral medications.

This lactate is removed by the liver and is converted into glucose to help maintain blood glucose homeostasis via an increase. Meanwhile, the pancreas contains constituents called pancreatic islets that contain alpha and beta cells, which secrete the glucagon and insulin hormones respectively. Glucagon is secreted by the alpha cells when blood glucose concentrations are decreased to signal the liver to hydrolyse glycogen to glucose, ultimately restoring blood glucose concentrations. Moreover, glucagon stimulates the hydrolysis of stored fat and the release of free fatty acids into the blood that results. This aids in providing the body energy when blood glucose levels are low. Thus, glucagon helps to maintain homeostasis during fasting. In contrast, beta cells secrete insulin when blood glucose concentrations increase to promote glucose entry into tissue cells, thus, allowing glucose to be converted into glycogen and fat. Hence, insulin and glucagon have antagonistic functions. During fasting, glucagon levels increases, whilst insulin secretion is reduced, and after meals, the inverse actions

Estimation of pancreatic exocrine function by grading duodenal filling during the same session provides additional information about the functional status of the gland.

     Present treatments for type one diabetes require lifelong care in order to keep blood sugar levels within a safe range. Some treatments include monitoring blood levels several times a day using a home blood sugar meter, taking several insulin injections everyday or using an insulin pump, eating a balanced diet that spreads carbohydrates (sugars) throughout the day to prevent high sugar levels after meals, regular medical checkups to monitor and adjust treatments as needed.

The main function of the pancreas is maintaining blood glucose levels to about 70-150 milligrams per decilitre. The pancreas does this by measuring if the blood sugar level is too high or low, if it is not the correct level then a hormone is released. If the blood sugar level is too high insulin is released from the beta cells and causes glucose to enter body cells to be used for energy but sometimes can stimulate glucose to turn to glycogen in the liver. However, if it is too low then glucogen is released into the blood which causes the stored glycogen in the liver to break down