Pancreatic Cancer Research Paper

According to Professor John Neoptolemos, "There are approximately 7,000 new cases each year - but it is one of the most lethal cancers." The main reason for the low survival rate from pancreatic cancer is due to its difficulty in finding this cancer early. By the time a person has symptoms, the cancer has often reached a large size and spread to other organs. Because the pancreas is deep inside the body, the doctor cannot see or feel tumors during a routine physical exam. There are currently no blood tests or other tests that can easily find this cancer early in people without symptoms. Tests for certain genes in people with a family history of the disease can help tell if they are at higher risk for cancer. There are some new tests for finding pancreatic cancer early in people with a strong family history of the disease, but these tests are complicated and expensive. Some symptoms of pancreatic cancer include jaundice, a yellow color of the eyes and skin caused by a substance buildup in the liver, pain in the belly area or in the middle of the back, significant weight loss over a number of months, loss of appetite, digestive problems including nausea, vomiting, pain that tends to be worse after eating, a swollen gallbladder that is enlarged, blood clots that form in the veins or cause problems with fatty tissue under the skin, and diabetes. If the doctor has any reason to suspect pancreatic cancer, certain tests will be done to see if the disease is really

There are not many defined risk factors known for pancreatic cancer. Some risk factors are “family history of the disease, smoking, age, and diabetes (Mayoclinic).” Ideally, pancreatic cancer cells can be detected early and the patient can be treated surgically, but once the cancer has spread, it is usually incurable. A popular clinical tool used to detect pancreatic cancer “is a tumor marker called sialylated Lewis blood group antigen CA19–9, which can act as a sensitive tumor marker, value diminishes when used to detect small, resectable tumors (Maitra,

Pancreatic cancer is the cancer that appears quickly and many die just as quick. Pancreatic cancer is the least known cancer to the medical world; puzzling doctors because most are not sure what diagnosis to look for. However, the risk factors include smoking, diabetes, and obesity. Studies show that pancreatic cancer has a higher percentage in the African American community due to environmental risk factors (John Hopkins Pathology, 2012).

Pancreatic Cancer is the leading cause of cancer deaths in the United States. Currently there is no cure for this cancer and all available treatments simply prolong the life of the patient. Diagnosing pancreatic cancer rarely occurs at the onset of the disease due to the location of the pancreas in the body. Symptoms such as weight loss and upper abdominal pain do not show up until it is too late. Enzymes produced by tumors known as tumor markers are not reliable until the disease has well progressed. Once you have been diagnosed with Pancreatic Cancer there are different types of treatments that are offered to prolong your life.

Abdominal ultrasound is sometimes used for quick and cheap first examinations. If there is uncertainty about the diagnosis they may do a biopsy by fine needle aspiration. Pancreatic cancer is usually staged after a ct scan is done. The staging system is four stages,from early to advanced and based on TNM classification.TNM stands for Tumor size, spread to lymph nodes,and metastasis. Based on if surgical removal seems possible,the tumors are divided into three broader categories to help decide treatment. Tumors are resectable, borderline resectable or undetectable. If the disease is still in an early stage(stage 1 or 2) surgical resection of the tumor can be performed. Stage 3 tumors can be borderline resectable where surgery can technically still be done or unresectable where its to locally advanced. Stage 1 cancer is only found in the pancreas. Stage 1 is divided into a and b stages based on tumor size. Stage 1a is when the tumor is no bigger than 2 cm. Stage 1b is when the tumor is bigger than 2 cm. The second stage is when the cancer could have spread to nearby tissue and organs, and may have also spread to the lymph nodes near the

Cancer is the main cause of death in the world, estimating 8.2 million fatalities in 2012 alone

Over 30,000 people are diagnosed with pancreatic cancer each year (Pancreatic Cancer 1). The pancreas is a small gland located near the stomach. Treatments for this type of cancer is very limited because it is often only discovered after it has progressed past the point of no return. Once the cancer has metastasized, or spread, the only option is to hope that chemotherapy and radiation can

This is because the pancreas is located deep in the belly just in front of the spine. As time goes on these cancers cells being to grow much bigger and when they do, they start causing different symptoms depending on the location of the cancer within the pancreas, by the time symptoms are noticed, they have grown and spread throughout the body. Easily identified symptoms are formed when tumor is already large enough to press on other organs of the body, some of these symptoms might include: jaundice which is caused by buildup of bilirubin, abdominal pain which is caused as a result of the cancer pressing on nearby organs, lack of appetite and pale greasy stools resulting when fatty foods are not being digested because cancer blocked the release of pancreatic juice into the intestine. Pancreatic cancer sometimes press on the far end wall of the stomach making it partly blocked thereby making food very hard to get through resulting in Nausea and vomit. Some other symptoms that might be hard to detect include gallbladder enlargement which can only be detected by imaging test, blood cloth and fatty acid

Out of those 48,960 people, 40, 560 of those lives will be taken from the cancer. Pancreatic cancer has a very poor prognosis, mainly because this cancer spreads very quickly and is frequently diagnosed too late. Symptoms usually develop when the cancer is in its advanced stages. Signs and symptoms that may appear include upper abdominal pain, jaundice, loss of appetite, and weight loss. Pancreatic cancer occurs when there is a mutation within the cells of the pancreas. These accumulated mutated cells form a tumor. Most pancreatic cancer begins in the cells that line the ducts of the pancreas, however it can also occur in the hormone-producing cells. This type of cancer is known as islet cell cancer. Some risk factors that may increase the change of developing pancreatic cancer include diabetes, chronic pancreatitis, family history of pancreatic cancer, and

Pancreatic cancer is the cancer of the pancreas. The pancreas is an organ between the spine and the stomach, and is about 6 inches long. The pancreas is also made up of two major components named the exocrine and the endocrine. A person has to have a pancreas to survive and this cancer can cause a rapid decline in health and eventually death. To prevent this cancer, a person needs to stop smoking, maintain a healthy weight, and check up with your sugar.

Pancreatic carcinoma (P.C) is a malignant disease of the pancreas and one of the top ten leading causes of cancer deaths in the UK. This type of cancer is one of the few which has shown a small improvement in the survival rate. On average, the age at which patients are diagnosed with such disease is at 71 years of age and with a minimum of 40 years old in rare accounts. Whilst the risk of developing such disease is greater in developed than developing countries, various factors either lifestyle factors or hereditary can metamorphose into risk factors and become cancer causing. The pathophysiology of this type of cancer is complex and involves modification of the DNA by various ways such as point mutation, indels, gene rearrangement and more. Early diagnosis of pancreatic cancer is difficult as it is an organ found quite deep in the body so any anomalies co go unnoticed during routine examinations. The incidence aswell as the mortality of

Approximately 3% of cancer patients are diagnosed with pancreatic cancer. Though multiple options exist, sometimes surgery is the best method of treatment. For patients whose cancer has not yet spread, there are a surprising number of pancreatic cancer treatment options that attack the disease before it becomes unmanageable. Because surgery is so often paired with other treatments, it is important to know the full extent of your possible treatment pairings.

“The symptoms depend on the type and location of the tumor. For example, lung tumors may cause coughing, shortness of breath, or chest pain. Tumors in the colon can cause weight loss, diarrhea, constipation, iron deficiency anemia, and blood in the stool.” (https://medlineplus.gov). Some tumors may not cause any symptoms until they reach a more advanced stage. Some regular symptoms of a tumor include: fatigue, fever, appetite loss, chills, weight loss, pain, and night sweats.

The type of cancer that I have is pancreatic cancer, Pancreatic cancer is a disease in which cancerous cells form in the tissues of the pancreas. The pancreas produces digestive juices and hormones that regulate blood sugar. Cells called exocrine pancreas cells produce the digestive juices, while cells called endocrine pancreas cells produce the

Major age group with acute pancreatitis was 21-30 years (45.65%). There were significant differences in age group of patients (at P< 0.05) [Table2]. In our study all patients had pancreatic oedema. 12 patients (26.08%) had gallstones, 7 patients (15.21%) had pseudo cyst, 8 (17.4%) had ascities and 7 patients (15.21%) had hepatosplenomegaly [Table3]. There was increase in serum amylase level in all patients. Hypocalcaemia was found in 7 patients (15.2%). In 11 cases (23.95) bilirubin level was raised. Prothrombin time was increased in 3 patients (6.5%). In all patients haemoglobin level was normal. We followed Ranson’s criteria to assess the severity and prognosis of the disease. Cholecystectomy was applied for 19 (41.30%) patients. Other operative procedures such as, cholecystogastrostomy and necrosectomy was done for 3 (6.52%) and 2 (4.34%) respectively. There was no need to use any operative procedures for 22 (47.82%) patients [Table4]. 3 patients (6.5%) were died out of 46