Panic Disorder: A Case Study

This project proposal is to Educate counsellors within the organisation of Sydney Counselling and Life Coaching about Panic Disorders and other abnormal psychological representations. I want to put this topic on an agenda to create a program to educate counsellors within the organization to have a treatment option for the clients who present themselves with panic disorders. The reasoning for this topic is that there is a great need in educating counsellors to work effectively with clients who face panic disorders in their life, to have a proper understanding of the associated psychological representations to further apply the appropriate intervention that will be effective for the client. The needs assessment was done through a suggestion box in their tearoom. Each counsellor within the organization suggested what they believed was a need then further discussions were held in the weekly meeting further expressing what need was a priority and why. 10 out of 15 participants suggested there was a need for an educational program within the organisation for Panic disorders and the associated psychological representations, this was due to the fact that almost 40 percent of clients who come into the organisation present themselves with having Panic Disorder as a priority.

The etiology of GAD is complex; it could be related to genetic, neurobiological or psychosocial factors. With regard to treatment, both psychotherapy and medication can be employed according to current treatment guidelines.(1) Cognitive behavior therapy is the commonly employed psychotherapy for anxiety disorders. As for pharmacological treatment, antidepressants (SSRI/SNRI) are commonly used. In addition, simple lifestyle changes such as reduce intake of caffeine, avoidance of alcohol, and stress management are helpful in many patients. In this patient, irrespective of her Antidepressant therapy she continues to experience anxiety symptoms. Initially, the patient was prescribed 5HTP, it was a precursor for serotonin. However, prescribing 5HTP with SSRI can increase the risk of serotonin syndrome but no case reports or research evidence found with regards to Serotonin Syndrome and

The article Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy, Imipramine, or Their Combination for Panic Disorder, evaluates the effect that drug and psychosocial therapies have on panic disorders. Furthermore, the authors also evaluate whether a particular treatment is more effective than another, a combination of treatments, or whether one treatment outdoes another. Patients who are afflicted with panic disorders have a reduction in lifestyle and lowered role functioning when compared to individuals who suffer from diabetes, heart disease, or arthritis. Researchers found that treating individuals with a panic disorder, led to a better lifestyle. However, medicine also found that treating patients with imipramine led fewer symptom manifestations. The authors of the article conducted trials in which they compared cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT), imipramine with medical management, combination of CBT and imipramine, pill placebo with medical management, and CBT with placebo for for panic disorder. Researchers found that CBT alone and imipramine alone yielded greater results than the placebo for PD. Imipramine yielded a greater quality of response, however, CBT had greater

Based on research, CBT is one of the successful therapeutic actions that have demonstrated usefulness to provide a measure to a wide variety of mental illnesses (Basco & Rush, 2007). Major benefiters of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy include patients with depression, mood disorders, and personality disorders. CBT has proved to be as useful as an antidepressant to some individuals with depression in addition to superiority in relapsing prevailing mood swings. Cognitive Behavioral Therapy is also applicable in treating anxiety disorders. Among the patients in this category of the disorder include those who experience persistent panic attacks. Through therapy, these people are encouraged to take tests of beliefs they have concerning such attacks

Exposure therapy that exposes a person to panic in a controlled environment to help learn beneficial ways of coping

In particular, using CBT as the treatment method, the therapist will educate the individual to understand their misinterpretations of their own body’s sensations. After educating the individual on the cause and misinterpretation of the panic attacks, the next step is to teach the individual how to accurately apply correct interpretations from their bodily sensations. Lastly, the individual will be taught coping skills by either referencing relaxation and breathing, or through inducing physical feelings of panic to help recognize there is no

This week’s reflection paper examines the implementation of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) techniques with a client whom experienced one severe episode of a panic attack.

The exact definition for a panic attack is a sudden surge of overwhelming anxiety and fear throughout your body. They can occur any time of the day, and also in your sleep or in a dream. It is a universal disorders, but they are different for everyone. Some of them can be more serious than others and others are just because you get stress be a small thing. Panic attacks are very scary, very awful, and very emotionally drowning.

The World Health Organization (2007) reported 14% of all people aged 16 to 85 years experienced a form of anxiety disorder. In Australia alone, 2.3 million Australian was diagnosed with 12-month anxiety disorder and the annual cost of anxiety disorders and other mental illness was estimated at 20 billion dollars (Australian Bureau of Statistics, 2008). Given its prevalence, development for an effective psychotherapy treatment for anxiety disorder is imperative. Interpersonal distress is a possible causal and maintaining factor for anxiety disorder (Borkovec, Newman, Pincus, & Lytle, 2002), and as interpersonal psychotherapy therapy allows treatment the treatment for

According to the American Psychiatric Association et al. (2013), panic disorder has been shown to occur in about two to three percent of adults in the United States. Panic disorders have been shown to occur more in Caucasian individuals than in any other race or ethnicity. Females have been shown to be twice as affected by panic disorders than their male counterparts and the differences between the genders can be seen by the age of fourteen. Although the normal onset for panic disorder in the U.S. is usually twenty to twenty-four years old. There have been some cases in which the disorder appeared in childhood or after the age of forty-five although both are unusual occurrences (American Psychiatric Association et al. 2013).

After thinking it about it more, it is likely that Olivia got fired from her previous jobs. As she stated she was feeling physical pain, she could have had numerous absences at work which results in termination. In my post, I stated that Olivia showed signs of somatic anxiety. But I think you are correct with the diagnosis of hypochondria. The description for hypochondria seems to match what Olivia reported. She reports she has an illness, however, no medical evidence indicates this to be true. Olivia may benefit from cognitive behavioral therapy. CBT can help identify her fears and, learn to change negative thinking, and learn new skills to manage and overcome her anxiety. As of now she is not ready to start a new job, but maybe in couple

Generalized anxiety disorders, rarely need pharmacological intervention, unless the symptoms a client are severe. The severity of symptoms often has, reoccurring imaginary thoughts and trigger the limbic system. Clients and or patients usually suffer insomnia, daytime agitation, restlessness, and impaired concentration (Preston, O’Neal, & Talaga, 2017). Conversely, Mary denies any of these symptoms. Moreover, due to the feeling of chronic nervousness medication would not be excluded in her treatment plan in addition to

Panic disorder among children is a condition that is most identified by frequent episodes of intense fear. These episodes can also include physical indications, such as; tightness of the chest, difficulty breathing, and stomach pains. These attacks usually reach their climax within a ten minute span, but can last longer. Out of all anxiety disorders, panic disorder is one of the easiest to maintain because of it's response to most treatments. Treatments for panic disorder are cognitive behavior therapy and medications (anti-anxiety or anti-depressants). In the therapy treatments, patients are taught new ways of thinking and reacting when it comes to stressful/fearful situations. The medications can help control the physical and emotional

Have you ever thought- “Why do I feel so down?” “How can I feel happier?” “Can I control my fears?”

Annie states that the Agoraphobia is a result of her overthinking how people view her. Throughout the interview, Annie often demonstrates how she thinks others view her—“why did she just run out” or “she is crazy”. During the interview, it becomes clear that Annie is mainly afraid of judgment by other people.