Panleukopenia Virus Lab Report

Isolating and characterize a novel phage from the environment requires several steps and several frustrations. By isolating and investigating a phage found in the Pullman region can hopefully lead to a newly discovered phage that can help researchers discover more about the life cycle and process of phage infection. Some phage infection can be good due to infecting the bacteria that is not wanted or is harmful to the environment or humans. Within this lab, there were steps taken necessary to isolate a novel phage that was obtained from the surrounding Pullman area. This report reflects plaques being isolated but then stopped due to errors and loss of plates. The final touches and procedures were accomplished with a given DNA ladder that was

The purpose of this experiment was to determine the reversion rate and recombination rate of two mutant T4 bacteriophages, rII 29 and rII 31. Through recombination rate, the map unit between the two mutants was calculated.

Citrobacter Freundii is a species of bacteria that can be potentially harmful to humans. It is known to cause meningitis by protruding into the brain and replicating itself (1). The Citrobacter species has also been found as a cause of some urinary tract infections, diarrhea, and even gastrointestinal diseases and symptoms (3). C. Freundii can be located in a wide variety of soils and water (3). Lastly, it is also the cause of many nosocomial infections due to its presence in water (1).

Nipah virus, Arena Virus and Francisella tularensis are bioterrorism agents. They work in various ways to harm the host. Francisella tularenis is considered a Tier 1 bioterrorism agent and Nipah virus is an overlap select agent that affects humans and agriculture both. They have been harmful in the past. Though, Nipah virus is a newer virus than the other two. This review will focus on their emergence, pathogenicity and symptoms of the diseases they cause.

You have been receiving these symptoms for the following reasons, your viral infection, Coxsackievirus B1 which you had over 6 months ago, has increased your chances of diabetes due to the immune system incorrectly targeting the pancreas which makes insulin. Insulin allows glucose into the cells, however diabetes stops or decreases the amount to insulin being created, when this happens glucose is stuck in the blood stream and not in the cells therefore raising the blood sugar levels. The increase of glucose in your blood is making your kidney work overtime to filter and absorb the food. When the kidney can’t keep up the need to urinate which will be leaving your body dehydrated creating you to drink more water making you need to urinate even more.

Ornates, the epidemiologists from WHO, travels to Hong Kong and searches for the origin of the virus. She goes to the casino that Beth was in during her trip and reviews surveillance tapes. By watching the tapes, she manages to find out that Beth had direct contact with all of the other original cases. The young man from Hong Kong bused her martini glass; the model from London handed Beth her cell phone; the business man that dies on the bus asked her to blow onto his dice. Dr. Ornates informs local officials with the Hong Kong Civil Health Organization that the virus started in Hong Kong. The man serving as Dr. Ornates liaison, Sun Feng, informs Dr. Ornates that many of the people in his village are infected and dying with the

The neuropathological hallmarks of AD are the presence of plaques and neurofibrillary tangles. (18 -20)

Flavivirus is a group of single-stranded RNA viruses in Flaviviridae family that are causative agents of public health diseases such as Murray Valley encephalitis and West Nile fever. Since 1917, arboviral encephalitis has some sporadic occurrences in south-eastern Australia due to heavy rainfall following by widespread flooding that caused to enhance the population of water birds and mosquito vectors (Doherty, 1977). MVEV was first found and isolated from the passed away encephalitis patients in 1951 around Murray Valley. It was called ‘Australian encephalitis’ at the time, which covered WNV/KUNV and other flaviviruses infection (Anderson, 1954). However, the investigation later suggested that these viruses are causing different diseases (Doherty

The purpose of the following experiment was to isolate and analyze a novel phage from the environment [3]. Initially, the phage was extracted from the environment through an enrichment procedure [3]. The first enrichment was successful producing a two cloudy plaques which were theorized to be temperate phage. It was theorized to be a temperate phage due to the cloudy appearance of the phage plaque. The two streaking procedures that followed did not result in any visible phage. This could have been due to two possibilities, either a flawed lab technique or the phage that had originally been enriched had died off. In order to determine whether the phage had died an additional enrichment was conducted. The second enrichment resulted in no visible phage plaques.

It is difficult to determine the duration of immunity resulting from rotavirus infection and the role of recurrent exposure in preserving the protection of older children and adults against symptomatic infections. The fact that older children and adults are partially susceptible to symptomatic infections is evidence that immunity is neither absolute nor lifelong. Consecutive outbreaks or rotavirus stations among infants of infants, recurrent symptomatic infection with homotypic and heterotypic strains is common, 56 suggesting that the protection resulting from a natural infection is at least against non-serious, relatively short-lived diseases.

Second, for the western blotting, the primary antibodies that used to recognize the protein of interest (FLAG-PTEN) are rabbit anti-PTEN antibodies and the secondary antibodies that bind to the primary antibodies and convalently linked substrate to produce visible signal are goat anti-rabbit conjugated HRP (horseradish peroxidase) antibodies; for immunoprecipitation, the antibodies used to immobilize protein of interest are anti-FLAG monoclonal antibodies from morine cell. As introduction above, those antibodies come from different species. In order to be successful in western blotting, the primary antibodies recognize the protein of interest as well as bind to it. Consequently, rabbit anti-PTEN antibodies were used to bind to FLAG-PTEN. Meanwhile, goat anti-rabbit conjugated HRP antibodies, the secondary antibodies,

Feline Leukemia (FeLV) was first discovered in the 1960’s. FeLV, is a virus transmitted by RNA, that only felines can get. It is not transmittable to humans, dogs, or any other animals. FeLV is actually the leading cause of death in cats, killing 85% of those infected within 3 years of diagnosis. With that being said, it’s very important for cat owners to regularly take their cats to the veterinarian for check-ups, as well as keeping them on a proper and healthy diet, which in turn will help prevent them from being exposed to FeLV, and many other viruses.

A new discovery that rivals the original idea that bacterial viruses only steal DNA from bacteria was found early this year in a virus called the “WO virus”, which carries the gene that codes for the poison of a black widow spider. The poison is named “latrotoxin”, which is a toxin that can break down a eukaryotes cell membrane. Researchers believe that the “WO virus pinched the gene for “latrotoxin” to be able to penetrate through animal cells. This article is very interesting because it shows how bacteria and virus evolve every day and adapt to new environments to survive.

Feline panleukopenia virus (FPV), or feline distemper, is a viral disease caused by feline parvovirus- a viral infection which weakens the immune system by reducing the white blood cell count then attacks rapidly dividing cells such as those found within the intestinal tract and stem cells found in bone marrow (Garigliany et al. 2016). The virus can survive in environments for long periods of time, resisting most disinfectants and increasing the risk of exposure to felines. Kittens and fetus are most impacted by FPV infection, as their cerebellum are still in the stages of development, infection can lead to cerebellar hypoplasia- a neurological condition that affects motor skills due to the underdevelopment of the cerebellum. Scientists have been studying parvoviruses since the 20th century. This essay includes works from 2008 to 2016, a timeframe in which scientists have studied felines with panleukopenia virus for: vaccination development and testing, feline immunity to the virus through identification of antibodies, and the effects on the cerebral neurons of infected subjects.

The DF-1 cell line is often used in the research of avian viruses. It is unique to the group of mammalian cell lines in that it does not contain endogenous sequences linked to avian sarcoma and leukosis, a first of its kind in continuous avian cell lines. The study of avian retrovirology relies heavily on access to a continuous cell line, and the DF-1 cell line is both continuous and non-transformed. Because the cell line lacks any sequences related to avian viruses, it is most popularly used to study the effects of these viruses on cells as they