Paper Chromatography Lab Report

Background: Paper chromatography is one method for testing the purity of compounds and identifying substances. Paper chromatography is a useful technique because it is relatively quick and requires small quantities of material.

1. Paper Chromatography is a method used for the separation of colors which are also referred to as colored chemicals/substances or pigments. This method is used for experiments, to identify coloring agents and to separate out a compound into its various components.

Chromatography is a fairly simple process. First, you put a dot of ink(or in our case, the M&M food dye) near the bottom of some chromotography paper (also known as filter paper), and then hang the paper vertically with its lower edge (the one closest to the spot of dye) dipped in a solvent (In our case, the sodium chloride solution). Capillary action forces the solvent to travel up the paper, where it meets and dissolves the ink. The dissolved ink (which is the mobile phase) slowly travels up the paper (the stationary phase) and separates out into its different elements. Another way of describing it is to think of the liquid as an adhesive-like liquids, some of which stick more to the solid and can travel more slowly than others. This is

Oparina/Miller hypothesis theorized was because of absence of free oxygen, chemicals, and so on could shape inorganic mixes for emerged on this planet.

This experiment demonstrated the separation of pigments based on relative polarity and proved to be a substantial way to separate compounds. The results were much like that of an experiment performed, which separated carbohydrates in a very similar method with the use of paper chromatography (Inome, Y., & Yamamoto, A.). Proper pipetting technique, which is described by John Husler, was also demonstrated in this experiment. The technique was followed as to prevent contamination and deliver the right amount of solution each time (John Husler: 1983).

Purpose: The purpose of this lab is to identify the dyes present in the different mixtures. Introduction: This lab uses chromatography to determine the dyes present. It is also used to identify the different intermolecular forces each solution and dye has.

The solvent moves through the stationary phase by capillary action (it is attracted to the thin layer of water in the cellulose) and picks up the molecules that are attracted to it. To determine the level of separation of the mixture, Rf values are used. Rf values are given by the ratio of the distance the dye travels divided by the distance the solvent travels. The farther the dye travels, the more attracted it is to the solvent and the greater the Rf value. Water is the best solvent to separate the dyes because it is the most polar of all the solvents and it is attracted to ions (forming an ion dipole moment.)

The main type of chromatography process is paper chromatography. Paper chromatography process was what we used for/during this lab. Paper chromatography is used to separate the components of ink, dyes, plant compounds (chlorophyll), make-up, and other substances. The other chromatography processes include: Liquid, Thin-Layer, and Gas. Liquid chromatography is used for identifying unknown plant pigments and other compounds.

Chromatography is a separation technique in which the mixture to be separated is dissolved in a solvent and the resulting solution, often called the mobile phase, is then passed through or over another material, the stationary phase. The separation of the original mixture depends on how strongly each component is attracted to the stationary phase. Substances that are attracted strongly to the stationary phase will be retarded and not move alone with the mobile phase. Weakly attracted substances will move more rapidly with the mobile phase.

The water travels up the paper to separate all the colors (Chromatography). The color moves higher up the paper depending on the color you’re testing (Candy Chromatography). Water is like a magnet to the chromatography paper because it absorbs it very quickly (Woodford, Chris). When water hit the chromatography paper which has the color on it, the chromatography will separated the ink (Pandey, Kundan).

The next step was to place the strip of chromatography paper on a paper towel. Then dip a capillary tube into the plant pigment extract (spinach pigment extract) provided by the teacher. The tube will fill on its own. We applied the extract to the pencil line on the paper, blew the strip dry, and repeated it three to four times until the line on the paper is a dark

Chromatography Investigation Chromatography is a highly regarded technique used to separate the components of a mixture. It is based on the principle that each component possesses a unique affinity for a stationary phase and a mobile phase. The components that are more inclined to enter the mobile phase will migrate further on the chromatogram and distinguish themselves from the other components. The type of solvent used in chromatography is known to directly affect the separation of the mixture. In this experiment, thin-layer and column chromatography will be utilized to separate the numerous chlorophyll and carotenoid pigments of a spinach extract.

Chromatography is used to separate mixture of chemicals to figure out what compound are present in the chemical, the chemical that are suitable to separate is by chromatography that include inks, dyes and colouring agents in foods. The experiment is carried out on paper where you put a spot of the chemical near the bottom of a chromatography piece of paper and the paper is in a solvent which is usually water. When the solvent (water) soaks up the paper it carries the chemical up with it. Different components of mixtures will move at a different rate as other, some would move faster or slower than others which separates the mixtures from each other. They all have a stationary phase that is a solid or a liquid supported on a solid. A mobile phase is a liquid or a gas.

Gel-Filtration Chromatography is a commonly used method used in order purify a protein from a mixture, by means of separations. Different biomolecules differ in size, or their molecular weight. In the gel matrix inside the chromatography column, there are gel beads which are porous to allow certain sized molecules to enter. The molecules that are able to enter the pores of the gel, are held in stationary phase and will elute from the column later on, these are usually smaller, to medium sized molecules. Larger molecules that are not able to fit in the pores will elute out of the column first, they are involved in mobile phase where they just go straight through the column without interacting with the gel beads. Smaller molecules will have a higher elution volume, while the larger molecules will have a lower elution volume. The volume to elute the protein is inversely proportional to the molecules size.

Chromatography is a technique for separation of mixtures. The name combines the greek chroma, or “color,” with graphein, “to write.” The technique was invented in 1900 by Mikhail Tsvet, who used it “to write the colors” of plant pigments like chlorophyll carotenes, and xanthophylls. He did that by dissolving the plant mixtures in a fluid, or mobile phase, and allowing it to flow through a solid material called a stationary phase. The components of the mixture flow through the stationary phase material at different rates, creating waves or bands. Originally, those bands were detected by visible color differences. Detection methods are now based on the chemical and physical properties of the molecules being separated, including but not limited to color, UV absorbance, size, charge, and hydrophobicity.