I: Introduction Antibiotics are derived from microbes that work by inhibiting the growth or by killing other bacteria (Tortora, Funke, and Case 549). Usually our body’s immune system is an ample defense by stopping microbes from replicating or killing them. However, sometimes the body can become overwhelmed and that is when antibiotics are used to help out our immune systems. An important dilemma in medicine is the increasing occurrence of antibiotic resistance, which occurs when bacteria are exposed
protein evolution grants organismal fitness by improving catalysis and flexibility” provides an integrated example of how understanding concepts of evolution is essential in all areas of science. This paper combines biochemical and evolutionary studies to investigate protein evolution and antibiotic resistance. Evolutionary concepts incorporated in this biochemical study include, but are not limited to: microevolution, adaption, selection, mutation, epistasis, fitness, phenotypic plasticity, trade-offs
The Current State of Antibiotic Resistant “Superbugs” Introduction The rapid emergence of antimicrobial resistant bacteria is a startling problem facing the medical community and this problem is only expected to worsen in the coming years. When Sir Alexander Fleming discovered the first antibiotic, penicillin, in 1928, many proclaimed his finding as the most important modern medical discovery. Simple infections such as pneumonia could be treated rather easily despite the fact that such diagnoses
Antibiotic Resistance of S. marcescens Yesong Liu Comparison of Antibiotic Resistance of Serratia marcescens to Streptomycin and Ampicillin Abstract The purpose of this study and experiment was to analyze and compare the relative antibiotic resistance of the gram-negative bacterial species Serratia marcescens to the antimicrobial species streptomycin and ampicillin. Preceding researches have shown that streptomycin has a stronger effect on the bacteria species than the ampicillin. In this experiment
The Current State of Antibiotic Resistant Bacteria Introduction The rapid emergence of antimicrobial resistant bacteria is a startling problem facing the medical community and this problem is only expected to worsen in the coming years1,4. When Sir Alexander Fleming discovered the first antibiotic, penicillin, in 1928, many proclaimed his finding as the most important modern medical discovery2,4. Simple infections such as pneumonia could be treated rather easily despite the fact that such diagnoses
For many years people have wondered why the antibiotics that are used so commonly nowadays are not as effective as they once were. Just like organisms evolve throughout time, resistance to certain things can also evolve. This resistance however is not something that happens naturally but rather is a man-made process which was caused via the misuse, overuse, and/or underuse of antibiotics (Davies 2010). The author Davies explains that there is no better example of the Darwinian notions of selection
Antibiotic Resistance: Where we are and what we need to do Oluwatosin Fofah Antibiotics are inarguably one of the greatest advances in medical science of the past century. Although the first natural antibiotic Penicillin was not discovered until 1928 by Scottish biologist Alexander Flemming, evidence exists that certain plant and mold growths were used to treat infections in ancient Egypt, ancient India, and classical Greece (Forrest, 1982). In our modern world with the advent of synthetic chemistry
Introduction Since the beginning of the antibiotic error in the mid 20th century, antimicrobial resistance has been recognized. The increased use of antimicrobial agents in the recent years has resulted in the development of resistance to these drugs. Clinical threats have however been minimized by the availability of newer agents (Bonomo & Tolmasky 2007). The World Health Organization (WHO) defines antimicrobial resistance as the resistance of a microorganism to an antimicrobial medicine to which
Antibiotic Resistance Research Paper Antibiotic Resistance as a Public Health Problem Van Bui ID: 35056106 Public Health 1 First Year Ms. Zuzana Bic Public Health Problem Antibiotic use inevitably leads to the development of antibiotic-resistant bacteria. Although most bacteria, which are sensitive, are killed by the antibiotic treatment, there are often a few resistant bacteria that still grow and multiply. This repeated process leads to antibiotic resistance. Not only that, but the problem
diseases such as Necrotizing Fasciitis1. I have also seen that bacterial resistance can play a central role in the outcome of a patient and their future life. Resistance can even determine if a person lives or dies from a bacterial infection. This is in no way more present to me than in the life of my grandmother who, through years of diabetic complications and treatment, is now left with less than a handful of antibiotics that will work to treat her conditions. Dr. Keiji Fukuda of the World Health