Paper Review: 'MOR1 is Essential for Organizing Cortical Microtubules'

Exercise 3A is a study of mitosis. You will simulate the stages of mitosis by using chromosome models.You will use prepared slides of onion root tips to study plant mitosis and to calculate the relative duration of the phases of mitosis in the meristem of root tissue. Prepared slides of the whitefish blastula will be used to study mitosis in animal cells and to compare animal mitosis and plant mitosis.

In this experiment first the stages of an onion cell undergoing mitosis are going to be observed and every stage is going to be detected and drawn on paper. A brief description to what is going on should be attached to the pictures. This is important to understand the basics of cell division which is necessary growth,repair and asexual reproduction. Second the number of cells undergoing each phase is going to be counted to figure out in which phase the cell remains the most. If interphase is the stage in which the cell grows and prepares for cell division then the

In the onion root tip, regions other than the apical (or at top of) meristem contain cells that are not actively dividing. These cells are in interphase. In this case, they would represent the majority because cells spend most of their time in interphase anyway. They are elongating, differentiating, and performing their functions for the organism. Mitotic stages would not have been found in these areas.

Plant cells have selectively permeable membrane that allows selective substances to penetrate into the cell. Cell membranes are consisting of lipid layer that are made up of phospholipids. (Essays, UK.2013). These phospholipids are amphipathic in nature, which have phospholipids head and tail respectively. Phospholipids heads are hydrophilic and tails

Wischusen, William, Jolissaint, Ann, Reiland, Jane, and Pomarico, Steven. 2012. Biology 1208/1209: Biological Laboratories for Science Majors. Hayden McNeil, Plymouth,

You may use the lab manual, pre-lab lectures, and credible internet resources, however you may not use your cell bio lab classmates as a resource. You will most likely see this material again on the Final and I highly encourage you to work individually and seek help from myself or your TA. Plagiarism will result in an automatic zero.

The basic plant life cycle with alternation of generations is modified in angiosperms by the change of haploid (n) and diploid (2n) generations, which take turns making each other.

3. Switch to high power and center your slide in the apical meristem region, so that you have a field of view in which there is a wide selection of cells in various stages of mitosis (including interphase). Be sure to adjust your light for optimum viewing. Refer to Figure 3A, 3B, 3C: Stages of mitosis in onion root tip cells for guidance.

17) The process by which the cytoplasm of a eukaryotic cell divides to produce two cells is called

Figure 1 [2]: The role of tubules in cell proliferation and differentiation of sperm cells.

To observe mitosis in onion root tip cells and record the different phases of mitosis.

The experiments purpose was to understand and observe the gene expressions in the genes pCNT103, cig1 and GapC in the shoot, root and callus tissues of the tobacco plant, Nicotiana tabacum. Using various genetic laboratory research techniques completed the experiment. The experiment consisted of four parts. The sterile tissue culture technique was used to differentiate the tobacco callus tissue in

Plants are frequently subjected to a wide range of environmental temperatures that may affect the duration of mitotic stages. We investigated the influence of temperature on the duration of mitotic stages in the onion root tip squashes, Allium cepa, by counting the number of cells appearing in each stage of mitosis when exposed to conditions in room temperature and cold temperature. We found that the average number of cells in interphase increased with the decrease in temperature, and the rate of mitosis increased with an increase in temperature. Thus, the increased amount of cells in interphase compared to the amount of cells in other stages at the cold temperature could be the result of the higher activation energy required in situations of lower temperatures, decreasing the rate of respiration and slowing the process of mitosis.

Planarians are a kind of flatworm that don’t have specific cellular differentiation. So, they are able to regenerate when almost anything happens to them. This leads to the question, “At which point does cellular differentiation allow organisms to function?” We hypothesized that cellular differentiation is not necessary for organism survival. To test our hypothesis, we cut the planarians into four different sections to see if each part will grow into a new planarian. The head of the planarian was excluded, but each of the other sections were placed into separate petri dishes filled with water to observe and see if they re-grow and begin reacting to their environment again. This experiment will help us understand whether cellular differentiation

Making the onion tip root cell slide was successful. Our results supported the hypothesis because we saw cells in the onion root tip in prophase, metaphase, and anaphase. As we went up in power objectives, each phase of the cell became more definitive. The cell root was a great indicator of the structures of the different cycles of the cell. This is important because we will be prepared for future labs working with the microscopes and can now adjust it for the best view of the slide. We practiced working with the compound light microscopes and different phases of the cell cycle. Onion root tips are useful to observe mitosis because the cells are frequently diving as the root grows. So when we stained the cell, we caught many cells in different phases. The significance of this lab was to better understand the process and stages of mitosis and meiosis and compare and contrast the mitotic process in plants and animals. We grasped the concepts of what the chromosomes look like, and what they look like in each step of the processes. Having read much about mitosis and meiosis, seeing these cells was the real application of describing and understanding the stages.