Para-Chlorophenoxyacetic Acid Lab Report

The literature values of erythro-2,3-dibromo-3-phenylpropanoic acid and threo-2,3-dibromo-3-phenylpropanoic acid were provided in the laboratory experiment text. Erythro-2,3-dibromo-phenylpropanoic acid held a melting point of 204°C, while threo-2,3-dibromo-3-phenylpropanoic acid held a melting point of 95°C. These two products had vastly different melting point values, which made it clear to observe the product created at the end of the experiment. Once the product was determined due to comparison of melting points, the stereochemistry could be

The mole is a convenient unit for analyzing chemical reactions. Avogadro’s number is equal to the mole. The mass of a mole of any compound or element is the mass in grams that corresponds to the molecular formula, also known as the atomic mass. In this experiment, you will observe the reaction of iron nails with a solution of copper (II) chloride and determine the number of moles involved in the reaction. You will determine the number of moles of copper produced in the reaction of iron and copper (II) chloride, determine the number of moles of iron used up in the reaction of iron and copper (II) chloride, determine the ratio of moles of iron to moles of copper, and determine the number of atoms and formula units involved in

Carboxylic acid is organic chemical compound that contain a functional group that is carboxyl group –COOH which is made of hydroxyl group and carbonyl group both attached to the same carbon which is attached to hydrogen atom or alkyl group thus the general formula of the carboxylic acid is R–COOH with R represent alkyl group or a hydrogen atom. Carboxylic acid functional group is partly ionized in solution so it is a weak acid, however it's acidity is considered as the chef chemical characteristic of it as it is generally more acidic than the other organic compounds that contain hydroxyl group and more acidic than the common organic functional groups but it is generally weaker than the common mineral acids such as hydrochloric acid (HCl).

After 10 minutes the reaction liquid was separated from the solid using a vacuum filtration system and toluene. The product was stored and dried until week 2 of the experiment. The product was weighed to be 0.31 g. Percent yield was calculated to be 38.75%. IR spectra data was conducted for the two starting materials and of the product. Melting point determination was performed on the product and proton NMR spectrum was given. The IR spectrum revealed peaks at 1720 cm-1, which indicated the presence of a lactone group, and 1730 cm-1, representing a functional group of a carboxylic acid (C=O), and 3300cm-1, indicating the presence of an alcohol group (O-H). All three peaks correspond with the desired product. A second TLC using the same mobile and stationary phase as the first was performed and revealed Rf Values of 0.17 and 0.43for the product. The first value was unique to the product indicating that the Diels-Alder reaction was successful. The other Rf value of 0.43 matched that of maleic anhydride indicating some

First, we need to plug in the variables into the numbers from the information to create our first equation for the system. 3j (glasses of orange juice) + 5p (5 pancakes) = 7.60. Now, plug in the variables into the numbers from the information for the second equation for the system. j ( a glass of orange juice) + 2p ( 2 pancakes) = 2.90.

We made a table to help us figure out how to find the pattern. In Table 1.2, the first column you see the number of cuts. The second column is the most pieces possible, and the last column is the differences we got between the upper bound of the cut before and the cut we were on. For example, we got four pieces for two cuts and seven pieces for three cuts, this means that between two cuts and three cuts there was a difference of three pieces. We noticed that the difference was also equal to the number of cuts.

The researchers were tasked to investigate phenotypic changes in Paramecia. Paramecia are single celled organisms that have appendages attached to their bodies called cilia. The cilia help by allowing a Paramecium to move away from toxins, and towards a food source. The cilia are important because their water environment lacks movement. In the lab, the Paramecia were grown in flask that contained the wheat media, and the bacteria, Klebsilla pneunomiae, was inoculated into the flask. The wheat media was the ideal environment for a Paramecium to grow; Klebsilla pneunomiae was the food source for the organism. The researchers maintained cultures of Paramecium before they introduced the mutagen caffeine. The students believed that if a culture

3 mL of a 1:1 isopropyl acetate and toluene mixture along with a spin vane was added to a 5 mL conical vial using a calibrated Pasteur pipette. A Hickman still and heating block was assembled. The connector and lower portion of the Hickman still was wrapped with aluminum foil and the top of the still was loosely covered with foil. The thermometer was placed into the heating block and was moved into the Hickman still once the temperature of the heating block was near the listed temperature from the lab manual. The solution was stirred slowly while the hot plate was turned on.

The results of all three concentrations all increased with time. The 30 percent concentration resulted in 2.08g at ten minutes, 3.14g at 20 minutes, 4.10 at 30 minutes, 5.11g at 40 minutes, 6.18g at 50 minutes, 6.97 at 60 minutes, 7.78 at 70 minutes, 8.42 at 80 minutes and 8.87 at 90 minutes. You can see all these results and data for 30 percent concentration in table xxx. Making the osmotic rate for 30 percent concentration 0.095g/mL. For the 20 percent concentration, at 10 mintues is was 0.60g, 0.93g at 20 minutes, 1.44g at 30 minutes, at 40 minutes is was 1.95g, 2.34g at 50 minutes, 2.60g at 60 minutes, 3.02g at 70 minutes, 3.44g at 90 minutes, and 3.38 at 90 minutes. The data for 20 percent concentration equals to a osmotic rate of 0.039g/mL.

Conclusion and evaluation Investigating the effect of pH on the concentration of chloramines and evaluating their effects in pool water was the aim of this experiment and research. With the data collected and processed, I can now discuss the extent of influence of pH in chloramine treatment as well as the success of this experiment. The experiment prove that pH is a very crucial agent in cleaning of a pool. A pound for pound efficiency is almost guaranteed for chlorine administered in any form if proper pH management is considered. Looking at the dissociation of hypochlorous acid under different pH values, it can be proven that the lower the pH the better the efficacy of chlorine.

Introduction Solutions are a combination of compounds that have different intermolecular forces, pH, pKa, and other chemical and physical characteristics. These characteristics are critically involved in how molecules interact when placed in the same container. For this experiment, Sodium hydroxide (NaOH) and hydrochloric acid (HCl) was used for the amino acid titration, and potassium hydrogen phthalate (KHP) was used for the standardization of the NAOH solution. The hypothesis for this part of the experiment was that it was going to take less than 10 mL of NaOH to make the solution stay pink because chemical reactions can happen fast when is two aqueous solutions. Furthemore, the pH of various mixtures were taken and compared to the calculated

Chlorine is one of the most widely used disinfectant. It is very effective for the deactivation of pathogenic microorganisms. Chlorine can be easily applied, measured and controlled. It is also relatively inexpensive.

which serve as the bases for many related studies. In this experiment , the specimen of E. chlorotica were collected from salt marsh located at Martha Vineyartd., being starved for more than 2 months and kept at 10 °C with fluorescent light under 14:10 light-dark illumination cycle [40]. The RNA were extracted from E. chlorotica and transported to BGI in Hong Kong for analysis. Researchers have also sequenced the genome of V. litorea. E. chlorotica transcriptom were aligned with V. litorea as a reference source and detect for region of similarity between sequences by BLAST. Once matching sequencies in V. litorea were detected , BlastX algorithm were applied

With a given 10x20 Whatman #1 chromatography paper, the dots were marked and numbered from 1 to 9 in pencil within 2 cm intervals from each edge, 2 cm along the lines, and 2 cm from the bottom. With a scrap piece of chromatography paper, 8 substances were obtained; Red #3 (erythrosine), Red #40 (Allura red), Blue #1 (brilliant blue FCF or erioglaucine), Yellow #5 (tartrazine), Red food coloring, blue food coloring, green food coloring, and yellow food coloring. And the last ninth substance was needed to made with brown M & Ms. The 2 brown M & Ms were left on the beaker mixed with 0.5 mL water and 0.5 mL ethanol. Once the brown color disappeared from shells of the M & Ms to the solvent, the liquid changed from clear to dark brown color.

Synthesis of molecules is very important in the development of natural products used in medicine today.1 However, there are many problems with the current synthesis method that conflict with many of the guidelines in the 12 Principles of Green Chemistry and are potentially hazardous.2 The proposed research plan includes the formation of a salt by allylation followed by the Aza-Claisen rearrangement which