Paracetamol Synthesis

Separation and Purification of the Components of an Analgesic Tablet. Cora Bruno, Lab Section E. Aspirin, Caffeine and Acetaminophen were separated from four analgesic tablets of Excedrin using extraction techniques. 5% wt/vol NaHCO3, 4M HCL, ethyl acetate and deionized water were used to separate the three active components. MgSO4 was used to dry each extraction. Aspirin was isolated using a hot water bath and weighed to determine the percent theoretical recovery and the actual percent recovery of aspirin. After separation, Aspirin (ASA), Caffeine (CAF), and Acetaminophen (ACE) were purified and identified using Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC). Standards and purified ASA, CAF, and ACE were spotted on the silica gel (stationary phase) of the

The competitors of our product would be Tylenol. The product was developed by McNeil Laboratories. The major ingredient in their medication is acetaminophen. The company was bought by Johnson & Johnson in 1959. They began advertising to many health professionals. They are a company that has many different brands of drugs that serve children up to adults. Their product is said to work by being able to elevate the body’s overall pain threshold so that an individual who takes this medication will feel less pain.

Her main focus was on the television (T.V.) advertising of medicine that is done in this country. She finds it highly unethical that pharmaceutical companies advertise drugs that are needed by patients. She further explained that it is also the way which marketing is conducted, “showing cheery people with fabulous hair on sunny days” (F. McClure, personal communication, October 14, 2013). The general public is naive to the possible side effects of these drugs and/or do not grasp the severity of many of them. Most people are looking at the pleasing visuals in these commercials, therefore they do not notice the side effects of the drugs, because the notices are in small print or run through so quickly they are incomprehensible. The viewers want what they see and ask their physicians for these drugs by name. In turn, doctors order the drugs; the companies grow bigger and market more drugs. It is a perpetual cycle, McClure expounds, and one that she and many of her cohorts wish would stop.

The tragic deaths of seven people who died due to potassium cyanide-laced Tylenol capsules started as a disaster for Tylenol producer Johnson and Johnson. However, J&J communicated with their publics and the media proficiently, investigated their

Malcolm, Andrew H. " 3 YEARS LATER, ILLINOIS IS STILL TRYING TO SOLVE TYLENOL DEATHS. " New York Times, 21 Feb. 1986. Student Resources in Context, link.galegroup.com/apps/doc/A176429785/SUIC?u=edmo59604&xid=52a27f17.

People all over the world, continue to be tendered prescription medication, which in many cases further complicate health issues with its myriad of side effects. In fact, statistics have shown that approximately 100,000 people around the world die as a result of prescription drugs annually (Smith, 2012). On the contrary, according

Marvin Koslow, vice president for marketing services at Bristol-Myers is going to choose a positioning strategy for Datril, an acetaminophen based analgesic, in order to solidify Bristol-Myers’ position in the analgesics market and gain share in the rapidly growing acetaminophen market. There are two possible options: ‘Pricing at par with Tylenol and it as a Tylenol substitute, featuring Bristol-Myers product’ and ‘low Priced alternative to Tylenol’. I strongly recommend that Bristol-Myers choose the former option with a modification.

During the 1900's, the McNeil company developed and established Tylenol into a well known and recommended analgesic. It has become recognized world wide as a safe brand of acetaminophen. The name Tylenol has become identified as a trusted, safe drug that people can easily purchase over the counter for their ailments. Tylenol is still recommended by doctors even though there was a cyanide scare in the history of the company. It has been discovered by my independent survey that consumers use Tylenol for their pet's needs also.

AIM: To extract codeine and paracetamol from its tablet by solvent extraction and tentatively identify in comparison to standards using Thin Layer Chromatography.

Tylenol, an over the counter prescription product from Johnson & Johnson, was one of the top brands in the analgesic market. Within the company, it was also a large income earner that commanded nearly 15% of the company’s total profits. That being the case, the 1982 crisis was not only a big blow to the brand, but also to the company as a whole. The crisis jeopardized the company’s existence; putting at risk a multi million investment which the investors had a lot of faith in. Irrespective of whether the crisis was due to malicious acts from ill motivated criminals or not, the company had to act swiftly to counter the legal issues which were ensuing and mitigate huge impending losses. It was really a trying moment for the top management of Johnson & Johnson and more so to the CEO, James Burke, who faced the toughest test of his managerial career during this time. Though the crisis was amicably solved, there were some legal issues that were imminent and some valuable lessons learnt from the episode.

The problematic issue for Bristol-Myers was to position its new aspirin drug to the potential customers and decide a good price which can not only make it acceptable by the customers, but also give a fair profit to the company. In other words, the company had to formulate an effective marketing and promotional strategy for its new drug, Datril. The company was not merely willing to establish its new brand in the analgesic market; the main issue was to establish this new brand in the presence of a strong competitor, Tylenol.

The market for acetaminophen was growing at a rate of 5:1 to that of aspirin. Studies had shown that the side-effects from acetaminophen were less than aspirin. Bristol-Myers could have used the change in consumer consumption pattern and the shifting demand between the 2 analgesic variants as a means for positioning Datril using an effective campaign strategy.

Paracetamol is something which can be very beneficial when unwell. But to much of this can cause severe impacts on the body.

In the fall of 1982, Johnson & Johnson received a call from a reporter asking for a comment on the deaths in the Chicago area linked to Tylenol Extra Strength Capsules. This was the first the company had heard anything about the deaths being linked to their medicine. This wasn’t surprising given in 1982, prior to the explosion of the internet; often the media was aware of information prior to the public. Very different from today where we all have access to information at our fingertips. Immediately discovering the news there were countless articles and TV releases of statements claiming Tylenol was the purpose for the deaths in Chicago.

21 22 Analysis •Panadol is in the top 10 of the Australian most trusted brands in 2009 •It has a long-standing reputation of quality and realibity. •Panadol was ranked N. 1 in analgesic market during 2007, but was ranked N. 2 in 2008, proceeded by Neurofen, which is growing faster Analgesic Market Sales Var 0% Var 5% Sales +(000.000) 60 40 20 Glaxo S. Reckitt B. 2006 2007 Which are the others???