Paradigms ad Nature of Reality

To begin with it should be taken into consideration the circumstances in which humanity found itself in when these sort philosophical musings of ontology became so prevalent among the society of thinkers and intellectuals. With the turbulence and constant change of the late 19th and 20th century it only makes sense that people would begin to wonder what it all really means. With wars, genocide, and poverty contrasted against the unprecedented industrial and technological advances of the time not to mention the exponential growth in some populations, it became easier and easier to lose one 's identity as the world begins to

Theories are the organized concepts that help to define or understand behaviors, relationships or a phenomenon (Green, 2014). Thus, theories are the foundation of scholarly research and act as an outline to carry out a study. They are used to process and analyzing data and contribute to knowledge in literature and practice (Green, 2014; Udo-Akang, 2012). Theories are used to guide research but are also utilized in a parallel process with research to explain and to predict, explain problems, events, systems, and experiences (Udo-Akang, 2012). In a wraparound effect, studies help to advancement theories through the application of the framework to the research methodology (Green, 2014; Udo-Akang, 2012). The theory and its constructs guide the research design (Green, 2014; Udo-Akang, 2012). Existing theories are said to most likely

The foundational concepts of sociological imagination, social construction of reality and socialization help us learn more about ourselves and the world.

■ the social world is observed by seeing what meanings people give to it and interpreting these meanings from their viewpoint.

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Paradigms are an intellectual or theoretical view of a discipline based on universal beliefs and values shared by the practitioners. Paradigms are important in any discipline in that they help to answer questions and concerns of the discipline, shape practice, concept, and aid the formation of guidelines. Other

Object-oriented ontology is a Heidegger-influenced idea of thought that rejects the privileging of human existence over the existence of nonhuman objects. Object-oriented ontology maintains that objects exist independently

Discuss the three main theoretical paradigms of sociology. For each paradigm (symbolic interactionism, functionalism, and conflict theory), describe a theorist and his/her ideas, and apply these ideas to understanding why people commit crimes. [4-5 pages] There are three main theories used in sociology, the first one is called structural functionalist theory also known as functionalism. Functionalism states that all parts of society are working together for the good of society “The state or government was seen to be the brain; industry was the muscular system; media and mass communication were the nervous system” (Conley,.

The Social Construction of Reality is a book written in 1966 by Peter L. Berger and Thomas Luckmann. The social construction of reality suggests that as humans the way we present ourselves is shaped by the interactions we have with other people, and shaped by our own experiences. For example, when we are born, we are raised a certain way. The way we are raised is a dependency from our cultural background, religious beliefs and morals. What we were raised to believe affects how we look at others, how we present ourselves in front of others and how others look at us.

A paradigm may be thought of as pattern or model of how something is structured and how the parts function. Kuhn (1962) defined scientific paradigms as "accepted examples of actual scientific practice.” The heredity-environment continuum paradigm is based on four theories: psycho-analytic/dynamic, behavioral, humanistic and social-cognitive.

In general, traditional knowledge adopt a more holistic approach, and do not separate observations into different disciplines as does Western science (Iaccarino, 2003). Moreover, traditional knowledge systems do not interpret reality on the basis of a direct cause and effect, but rather as a world made up of complex web of interactions (Freeman, 1992). The problem is how to study and analyze traditional knowledge and belief systems.

Undoubtedly, there is an unswerving relationship between the theory and its application. Theory offers direction in research, and its application affords a baseline for research. In the following text, the relationship between theory and application and the manner in which a theory guides practices is espoused upon. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to show how research and theory are connected and how both serve as models for good practice in finding the appropriate information that allows investigators to resolve issues and to solve research problems, while also adding to the world’s body of knowledge (Akang, 2012).

Explain (the main ideas and views) and evaluate (by giving arguments) the view of Heraclitus regarding the nature of reality?

     Both the social constructionist and the psychodynamic views adopt a hermeneutic epistemology, which centers on the analysis of a person's actions, their fundamental influences and how the external social world can be internalised and represented symbolically within an individual (Stevens, 1996). However, there are key differences between the two views. The social constructionist applies a societal study approach which converge the external society and the social relationships within it. This implying that the self is built-up and continually developed through multiple social networks (Sapsford, 1996). On the other hand, psychodynamic theories applies psychoanalytical

La psicología social intenta comprender, explicar y predecir cómo los pensamientos, sentimientos y acciones de los individuos son influenciados por los pensamientos, sentimientos y acciones percibidos, imaginados e implícitos, de otros individuos, Allport (1968); se constituye en un esfuerzo intelectual sistemático por comprender la experiencia y la conducta humana ya sea en su faceta individual grupal o colectiva, en virtud de nexos reales, imaginarios y simbólicos que vinculan a los hombres en su vivir cotidiano (Sabucedo, D 'Adamo, & García, 1997). La