Paraphilic Behaviors: A Case Study

Many doctors, pharmacists, biochemists and scientific researchers have engaged tremendous efforts to providing drugs and supplements that would help overcome sexual malfunction and ill-health.

In this time period, there are many different disorders and illnesses that go unnoticed, and unknown. Society creates stereotypes about illnesses such as obsessive compulsive disorder, clinical Depression, and many other mental afflictions. Another that seems to remain controversial and misunderstood is sexual compulsive behaviors. Many see it as an excuse to act a certain way, or think a certain way; in reality it is a serious mental disorder that can cause devastating effects on the people that are consumed by them and the people who are around them. Something that is however, known about sexual compulsive behaviors is that there are certain things that can emotionally damage a person and cause them to have these behaviors. The three

The goal for treatment was to reduce the patient’s urges as well as his practice in autoerotic, where he will resist and act out his fantasies, and change his heterosexual functioning. According to the doctor, for this treatment to work the patient checked in to an inpatient facility with wife and two children, into a flat for six weeks. To get rid of the fantasies the doctor taught the patient coping strategies and covert sensitization. The wife was very involved with this and helped monitor his treatment. (Haydn-Smith Peter, 1987)

There is a spread of co-occurring disorders (CODs) seen in offenders who have committed sex crimes they include mood, substance abuse, obsessive-compulsive, antisocial, avoidant, narcissistic, paranoid personality disorders, impulse control, anxiety, and eating disorders (Guidry & Saleh, 2004). In a study done by Guidry and Saleh (2004) prevalence rates of the above mentioned CODs they include 82% were diagnosed with a mood disorder, 50% with an anxiety disorder, anxiety disorders were diagnosed at close to 40% with social phobia being the most common (Guidry & Saleh, 2004). There clinical syndromes seen in non-sexual offenders they include mania, somatoform,

The purpose of sex offender treatment is to alter the deviant sexual arousal patterns, addressing social skills deficits that result in deviant behavior, to challenge the beliefs that facilitate sex-offending behavior, and to develop strategies to prevent sexual reoffending. To resolve the above mentioned problems involves the use of both medication and behavioral based treatment models. Medications that are used to decrease sexual deviant behavior include synthetic progesterone derivatives such as medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA) and cyproterone (CPA), luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone agonist leuprolide acetate (LHRH), Tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs), and serotonin-specific reuptake inhibitors (SSRI) (Fong, 2006; Dolan, 2009). Dolan

Drug therapy is especially useful in helping decrease fantasies, sexual aggression, and paraphilias (Flora, 2001). The different types of medications target testosterone by either blocking reuptake or lowering levels of testosterone (Flora, 2001). While these medications have been effective in male sex offender treatment, the majority of the hormones in the medications have few effects on females. The drug medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA) is a birth control method for females, and while it may decrease libido, as many birth controls tend to do, it is not effective in reducing recidivism (Flora, 2001). However, there is another series of medications that work as effectively for men and for women: SSRIs (Chow & Choy, 2001).

As well as additional monitoring of EPI, SC was being stabilized through medications. Her pharmaceutical interventions included suboxone to treat substance dependence, gabapentin as a mood stabilizer, olanzepine for psychosis and zopiclone for insomnia (Vallerand, Sanoski, & Deglin, 2015). However, only offering abstinence rather than a harm

Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) have been prescribed by physicians for many years now. One reason SSRIs are so popular is because of the many mental disorders they can be used for such as anxiety, depression, obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), phobias, and many more (Weitzel & Jiwanlal, 2001). The four major types of SSRIs that are most commonly used by people with mental disorders are fluoxetine (Prozac), paroxetine (Paxil), sertraline (Zoloft), and citalopram hydrobromide (Celexa); SSRIs work on the brain by acting on the reuptake pathway of serotonin (Stone, 2010). There are some advantages for taking SSRIs. One advantage is that SSRIs have fewer side effects than most of the other antidepressant medications such as monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs) and tricyclics (Weitzel & Jiwanlal, 2001). Another advantage is that SSRIs have less of a risk of toxicity in overdose (Lane, Baldwin, & Preskorn, 1995). SSRIs are better tolerated than tricyclic antidepressant medication because they cause less sedation and problematic anticholinergic effects. There are also reports indicating that SSRIs have fewer negative effects on the cardiovascular system than tricyclic antidepressants (Edwards, 1992).

There are many types of treatment offered to help combat sexual tension within sexual offenders. One of the more important and frequently court mandated treatment is the use of sex-drive reducing drugs. This treatment is offered with the hopes of preventing minor attracted adults from offending or re-offending. Another goal of this treatment is to effectively change sexual arousal patterns in each individual offender through behavior conditions. The use of these drugs is almost always court mandated and some people view the use of these drugs as invasive (Langevin 1983). One of the more commonly used drugs is estrogen and testosterone. By administering estrogen it causes and increases feminization within the male and also leads to the possible irreversible damage to the gonads. Another

3. These occur in response to stressful life events. 4. Unsuccessful attempt to control or reduce the sexual fantasies, urges, or behaviors. 5. Engage in sexual behaviors without regard of risk for physical or emotional harm to self or others. 6. Clinically significant personal distress or impairment in social, occupational, or other important areas of functioning due to sexual fantasies, urges, or behaviors. 7. These are not due to any physiological effects of drugs or medication. 8. The diagnosis should be accompanied by the specific type of sexual activity: masturbation, pornography, sexual behavior with consenting adults, cybersex, telephone sex, strip clubs, other.” (American Psychiatric Association, 2013).

To use cognitive-behavioral and psycho-educational therapy effectively. There are treatment principles and models that sex offender treatment provided can use to efficiently deliver the treatment intervention to sex offender participants. However, there are very little study on the application of pharmaceutical in the treatment program and its possibilities of to control behavioral risk factors such high sexual preoccupation and sex as coping. Although, cognitive-behavioral therapy and psycho-educational therapy are proven to be effective in behavioral modification, some individuals may find it more difficult than others. For those individuals who are faced with hardship, may explore other avenues of intervention to better control hindrances to their desire to change. Studies on using medication to control excessive sexual arousal through medication are still lacking. Thus, the validity of its ability to reduce intrusive sexual thoughts warrants more

The treatment for sexual offenders is done in a three principal approach which is cognitive behavioral approach, psycho-educational approach, and pharmacological approach. The cognitive behavioral approach gives emphasis on altering the habits of the offended relating toward sexual offending and “deviant patterns of arousal”. (CSOM) This means altering the daily habits of the offender which may be everything they had known previously to incarceration. The second principal of psycho-educational focuses on altering the offender’s state of mind toward their victims and attempts to instill the understanding of how they inflicted harm with their actions. With psychology there is never a set time on how long a set goal will be reached. Times vary between individuals and can sometime never reach their desired outcome. In conjunction with those previous principals the offenders are also treated under the pharmacological

Although the disorder is categorized into many different types of specific paraphilia, the characteristics of the illness are often very similar. At first, the disorder may seem like a regular fetish or a sexual fantasy of an individual. However, if an individual is going through guilt, distress, depression, or any sense of immorality from his/her particular interest, the signs of the Paraphilic disorder becomes more explicit. As the individual relieves himself/herself from engaging in paraphilic behaviors, he/she becomes addicted to the cycle. Thus, being diagnosed with Paraphilic disorder. Sometimes, paraphilic subjects may deny that they have paraphilic symptoms or behaviors. But such motivation to deny engaging in paraphilic behavior is

I would not knowingly enter a sexually or romantic relationship with a person suffering from a paraphilic disorder. Much like other disorders there is usually some underlying unresolved issues that causes the disorder, and depending on the severity of the disorder this can be detrimental to the relationship. Therefore, I would not want to put myself in a position to have a relationship that may be predetermined to end before exploring its full potential. In addition, depending on the disorder, I would not want to subject myself to mental anguish or stress related to my partners disorder.

Sex is a beautiful thing that happens between two people, but sometimes sex can become addictive, and like with any other addiction, it can ruin lives. Patricia is in her mid-thirties, and to those who know her, she is a soccer mom with a successful career. But after her marriage ended due to her husband’s affair, Patricia became insecure, and started exploring dating sites on the internet – soon, Patricia was going on dates, sex dates - and in an interview with the Philadelphia Weekly, she admits that she is addicted to sex, and there is a problem. The American Psychiatric Association and Diagnostic (APAD) and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV-TR) don’t recognize the abuse of sex as an addiction. Although not recognize as