Four Parenting Styles Essay

Parenting styles have been described as the collection of parents’ behaviors which create an atmosphere of parent-child interaction across situation (Mize and Petit, 1997). Darling and Steinberg (1993) defined parenting style as “a constellation of attitudes toward the child that are communicated to the child and that, taken together, create an emotional climate in which the parents’ behaviors have expressed.” Despite these challenges, researchers have uncovered convincing links between parenting styles and the effects these styles have on children. There are different styles of parenting: authoritative, authoritarian and permissive.

The day a child is born is a wonderful and happy time in any parent’s life. Parents wish that their child has nothing but a lifetime of success and happiness. No parent thinks that they alone, or rather the type of parent they are can shape who or what their child will become. Parenting styles can vary from household to household, culture to culture, and even between a set of parents. Some parents swear that they will never become they type of parent that their parents were, while others swear by the way they were raised. Now more than ever we hear about how parenting style can affect a child. In chapter 4 of Exploring Psychology, Myers and Dewall (2016) we are introduced to three parenting styles, Authoritatian, Authoriatative, and Permissive, and how these types of parents affect their children’s traits. Many factors like environment, temperament and life experiences will play a role on a child; parenting style can directly affect a child’s traits and how productive of an adult they will become.

All parents have their own methods of raising their children. Some parents are more lenient, some strict, and some are absent entirely. What effect does this have on the children as they grow into adulthood? Studies have shown that different parenting styles can affect a child’s psychological development as well as the child’s overall psychological well-being. Parenting style can determine whether the child will have issues such as problematic behavior or poor school performance. This can also remain to have an effect on these children later in life that can lead to serious problems like substance abuse or depression. There are three recognized styles of parenting: authoritative, authoritarian, and permissive. Each style has different effects on the children, and continues to affect them into adulthood. It can also often be found that in households with multiple children, parents use different parenting methods for each child. These differences can also have profound effects on the development of the children.

Parenting style has a significant impact on children and how they develop psychologically. There are many different styles of parenting that affect the psychological development of children and adolescents including the extreme authoritarian parenting, permissive parenting and the desirable authoritative parenting. Each style of parenting has varying effects on the development of the child, this will be referenced in relation to Erikson’s theory of psychosocial development.

Researchers have uncovered convincing links between parenting styles and the effects these styles have on children. During the early 1960’s, psychologist Diana Baumrind conducted a study on more than 100 preschool-age children (Baumrid, D. (1967) child-care practices anteceding three patterns of preschool behaviour. Genetic psychology monographs, 75, 43-88). Using naturalistic observation, parental interviews and other research methods, she identified four important dimensions of parenting; disciplinary strategies, warmth and nurturance, communication styles and expectations of maturity and control. Based on these dimensions, Baumrind suggested that the majority of parents display one of three different parenting styles. Further research by Maccoby also suggested the addition of a fourth parenting style (Maccoby, E.E. (1992). The role of parents in the socialization of children: An historical overview. Developmental psychology, 28, 1006-1017)

In the mid-twentieth century, Diana Baumrind, a clinical and developmental psychologist, conducted an extensive research experiment on parent-child interactions in the home (Baumrind 1967). Upon the conclusion of the experiment, Baumrind developed the theory that there were four parenting styles that accounted for child development: authoritarian, authoritative, permissive-indulgent and permissive-uninvolved. Authoritarian parents set strict rules and demand obedience from their children. Authoritative parents set clear expectations and high standards, but are still responsive to their children’s opinions. Permissive-Indulgent parents have an abundance of parental warmth, but provide no consequences for their children’s misbehavior. Permissive-Uninvolved parents are similar to permissive-indulgent parents, but these parents display no parental warmth. Within the four parenting styles, Baumrind recognized that there were four dimensions of parent-child interactions: parental control, maturity demands, clarity of communication and nurturance. Parental control is in relation to a parent establishing and enforcing certain rules. Maturity demands concern a parent’s expectation for his/her children to work to their full potential. Clarity of communication is a parent’s willingness to communicate with his/her children and take their opinions into consideration. Nurturance is related to parental expressions of warmth and approval, as well as the children’s

There is not one set way when it comes to parenting and how parents rise their child or children. A psychologist named Diana Baumrind, studied different parenting styles and their effect on child rearing. She came up with three types of parenting styles: authoritative authoritarian, and permissive. Then a fourth parenting style was added by Maccoby and Martin later on uninvolved parenting (Cherry, 2014). I will explain these different styles on the effect they have on a child weather a young child or adolescence.

Authoritarian parents normally do not interact with their children in positive ways and usually install fear into the child. Punishment is usually harsh and given without explanation. Children with authoritarian parents are often anxiety- ridden. Studies have shown that these children have lower self- esteem, show high aggressiveness and typically do less well in school. Permissive parenting consists of high nurture and acceptance, but these parents lack structure and control. These parents look at their children as “free spirits” who need space to learn and grow. Permissive parents are usually inconsistent with discipline. Children with permissive parents normally are impulsive and irresponsible. These children also lack any self- control since none was expected (Sclafani 47).

Different parenting styles, which include: permissive, uninvolved, authoritarian and authoritative, have different effects on children’s development and their future success and outcomes. Many parents do not realize how crucial parenting styles are on their child’s development and future. Some parents tend to seek alternative methods such as listening to music, and staying active during pregnancy in efforts of changing their child’s development and intelligence. However, after birth and during adolescence are the times when parents play a huge and crucial role in shaping their child’s development and intelligence. According to Turner, Chandler, and Heffer (2009), parenting styles have consistently been related to youth psychopathology, behavior

Parenting style is one of many factors that strongly influence the child's development and their behaviors. Researchers have demonstrated many times that the environment in which children are raised has significant effects on a child’s intellectual, physical, social, and emotional development. For decades, researchers have also been interested in how parents influence their children's development, and one approach in this area is the study of what has been termed as parenting style. In 1971, clinical and developmental psychologist, Diana Baumrind came up with three main categories of parenting styles: authoritarian, authoritative and democratic. Parents can be a mixture of three styles or fall into one or more categories.

Parenting styles have been widely defined by Baumrind into three categories, authoritative, authoritarian and permissive. Parenting styles can be defined as a pattern of attitudes in how parents choose to express and communicate with their children. These styles are categorized based on the level of nurturance, parental control and level of responsiveness (Dwairy, 2004). Authoritative style exhibits high levels of demand, responsiveness and nurturance; authoritarian style exhibits high levels of demand but low levels of responsiveness, permissive style exhibits low levels of demand but high in responsiveness and nurturance (Dwairy, 2004). These parenting styles have been proposed to have a significant impact on a child’s

Parenting styles have an effect of the early adulthood stage in terms of physical, cognitive and emotional development. For instance, cognitively, the authoritarian style grooms children obedient but their social happiness is impacted upon. Permissive parents demand less from their children. The resulting adults are less happy and have problems with authority. Authoritative style expects conformity to rules and regulation. In turn, the resulting adults are happy, capable and successful. Uninvolved parenting style has few demands on children and they grow up carefree and not responsible adults.

We all know a family that parenting style is a bit strange. All of parenting styles are a bit different from each other, and some are more different then others. There are many variations among cultures. Some families are warm, loving, response; some are cold inattentive and withdrawn. Their is one main common variable among all the families on the world, they most all love their children and want the best for them. They are many ways families try to show their love, help them achieve in life and be happy. The general child-rearing styles are authoritative, authoritarian, permissive, and uninvolved child-rearing style. Authoritative is one of the most successful approaches to raising children. Authoritative is

Because parenting does not come with a handbook of instructions, parenting style may be strict neglecting or permissive. According to Broderick, & Blewitt, these styles are better known as permissive, authoritive, neglective-uninvolved, and authoritarian (Broderick, & Blewitt,2013). Children’s identity may be shaped as a result of the style of parenting, in some cases the influences of a parents parenting style can be positive or negative in shaping

In contrast to uninvolved, parents who use the authoritative style of parenting are responsive; however, are much more demanding of their children. Their expectations are higher, where as with uninvolved parents have little, if any expectations where their children are concern. Authoritative parents are accertive and expects their children to be as well, but not in an intrusive manner and expect their children to be socially responsible and self reliant. According to Beck ( 2012) the features of authoritative styles, parents are responsive, warm and are caring of their child 's needs. They allow their children to make decisions, they enforce demands with explanation , and engages with them, in joint discussion making when there is a disagreement. This style of child rearing “is the most