Parenting Styles and Culture

Studies have been conducted and examined whether parent – child conflict during the middle childhood years varied among families and if conflict had an impact on children’s respect towards authority figures. Children’s behaviors in parent – child interactions , it has been shown that there is cultural differences in parents backgrounds and parents behaviors . Authoritarian parenting practices have been found, in many studies, to be more common among ethnic minorities, while not showing associated negative child outcomes typically found within American children raised within same parenting styles. (e.g. Garcia Coll et. Al., 1995).

In a study published in 2007, Sarrazin and Cyr claim that aggression is more rampant if the child is left in the custody of the less dominant parent. If the child identifies him or herself with the less dominating opposite sex or the dominating same-sex parent there could be increased problems of aggression. If the father is the dominant figure then boys show fewer problems and vice-versa for girls if the mother is the dominant figure [ (Sarrazin & Cyr, 2007) ]. The father figure is very important especially to adolescent boys because when father is absent they react more aggressively than girls [ (Dreman, 2000; Sarrazin & Cyr, 2007) ]. Portnoy [ (2006) ] stated that “20 percent of divorced fathers do not see their children at all during their high school years” [ (p. 76) ]. Oftentimes when boys are placed in the custody of the mother these mothers “identify sons with their ex-spouse” which results in the child exerting more aggression either towards the custodial parent, non-custodial parent or others [ (Dreman, 2000) ].

Parents cite children’s aggression and failure to comply with a request as the most common reasons for hitting them. Children, endowed with wonderful flexibility and ability to learn, typically adapt to punishment faster than parents can escalate it, which helps encourage a little hitting to lead to a lot of hitting (Kazdin par 2). The negative effects on children include increased aggression and non-compliance the very misbehaviors that most often inspire parents to hit in the first place as well as poor quality of parent-child relationships (Kazdin par3). The direct experience of that momentary pause in misbehavior has a powerful effect, conditioning the parent to hit again next time to achieve the jolt of fleeing success (Kazdin par

When the supposed parent doesn’t give enough attention to the kids, such kids are prone to violent attitude. Even, some parent practically exposed to their kids to violence indirectly. An example is when a parent takes an underage for a gun show. Of course, such kids would want to use it one day. Parents who engage in domestic violence always have a negative impact on the kids. According to a research (Harold & Sellers, 2018), “Interparental quality is regarded as a major determinant factor in the life of a child and adolescent psychopathology. Recent research has highlighted that children are affected by attributes of interparental conflict, specifically how parents express and manage conflicts in their relationship, across a continuum of expressed severity and negativity – ranging from silence to violence.” The article further reveals evidences that children's emotional, behavioral, social, academic outcomes, and future interpersonal relationships are adversely affected by conflict between parents either divorced or still living together. The research article is based on Historical and it is a clinically oriented. Some parents believe that parenting has a duration, therefore, once their children attain a certain age little or no correction is required from them. Good parenting does not have a duration, rather, it is a continuous

Children with authoritative parents were more likely to become bullies (Lereya, Samara & Wolke, 2013). Good parent-child communication were less likely to become bullies but had higher chances to be the victims (Lereya, Samara & Wolke, 2013). Negative parenting behaviors were significantly more likely to have been neglected or abused (Lereya, Samara & Wolke, 2013). In this case the children were more likely to become bullies but not the victims (Lereya, Samara & Wolke, 2013). With victims the test showed a lack of communications between parents and child (Lereya, Samara & Wolke,

Authoritarian parents normally do not interact with their children in positive ways and usually install fear into the child. Punishment is usually harsh and given without explanation. Children with authoritarian parents are often anxiety- ridden. Studies have shown that these children have lower self- esteem, show high aggressiveness and typically do less well in school. Permissive parenting consists of high nurture and acceptance, but these parents lack structure and control. These parents look at their children as “free spirits” who need space to learn and grow. Permissive parents are usually inconsistent with discipline. Children with permissive parents normally are impulsive and irresponsible. These children also lack any self- control since none was expected (Sclafani 47).

Children Relational Aggression: 
The Effect of Children Aggressive on Peers Interaction
and the Gender Differences in the expression of aggression

I would tell my friend Rene about “Parent’s approach to discipline is crucial”. When parents use physical force or social and emotional manipulation to control there children it only makes them more aggressive. Children who experience heavy doses of such such parenting are more likely to be aggressive. “Another aspect of parental behavior that is linked to aggression is monitoring, which refers to parents’ knowledge of where their children are, what are they doing, and who they're with”(p.g 372). So when you don’t monitor your children they will become aggressive. So far childern's aggression are linked when the parents are begin physcial with them. I would also tell my friend about my experence. When my sister becomes physcial with her son

The role of the family in aggression focusing the problem of aggression in schools, there is abundant experimental evidence that family environment is one of the most powerful in the violent behavior of disruptive pupils influential factors. It is considered proven that family experiences may greatly help to develop possible patterns of violent behavior and / or antisocial. We concluded that an experience in the family was the factor determining the trend with more weight and frequency with which young people respond aggressively when threatened. Parents had educated their children from infancy was related to the amount of violent and antisocial behavior of young people, and even more, to the criminal records of these children when they reached the thirties years. In effect, we can say that the family environment it can become a breeding ground favorable to the development of violent and antisocial tendencies crop. Therefore it is necessary that all educators have always present in his activity, that families are a “touchstone “in both primary interventions (training) and secondary (Corrective) when foster attitudes of coexistence, tolerance , peace education

It is common for parents and their children to have disagreements and to have arguments but sometimes these disagreements can turn into abuse. Children usually use violence to try to “control or bully them” (Parenting and Child Health, n.d.) This violence usually occurs when the child “frightens, threatens or physically hurts them. It can involve using abusive language, pushing, shoving, kicking, throwing things, or threatening with knives or other weapons” ((Parenting and Child Heathen’s.) Children may abuse their parents due to the normalization of that parent getting abused by the other parent within their household. The child may use the parent that abusing the other parent as a model for the way they should act towards their parent as well and justify their actions simply as something that they observed in their household. The violence that children commit against their parents affects that subsystem because it leaves it broken. There is a strain within the parent and child relationship that forms a direct result of constant conflict and abuse between the child and parent. Sometimes, in child-child relationships, an older sibling may become “more aggressive” with their younger sibling because of the abuse that they have witnessed and been exposed to. (Fantuzzo, Mohr, 1999) The children can become socialized by the parents to believe that

S. Lee, J. Manganello, J. Rice, C. Taylor (2010) preformed a study to understand childhood aggression. The journal article of Mothers’ Spanking of 3-Year-Old Children and Subsequent Risk of Children’s Aggressive Behavior starts by saying that they are not the first to perform this research and many of studies have displayed connection between corporal punishment with children and child aggression. They are testing their research with new controlling factors, which have not been controlled together before. (Lee et al., 2010) The main goal of the article is to determine the association between the use of corporal punishment against 3-year-old children and recognize later aggressive behavior among those children.

“Parent-Child Relationships, Parental Psychological Control, and Aggression: Maternal and Paternal Relationships” written by Murray, Dwyer, Rubin, Knighton-Wisor and Booth-LaForce (2013) sought to understand the role of paternal and maternal parenting in predicting child developmental outcomes. Specifically, the study focused on the examination of the extent to which quality father-to-child and mother-to-child relationships moderate or lessen the impact of adversities arising from ineffective parenting practices on adolescent aggression that may follow.

In the article “‘Negative parenting’ starts aggressive personalities early” (2011), Welsh reviews a longitudinal study conducted by researcher Michael Lorber of New York University in which he researches the effect that parenting styles during early infancy have on individuals’ personalities. Welsh concludes that negative parenting in early infancy begins a cycle of conduct problems in toddlers, which spurs on more negative parenting, leading to aggressive personalities in these individuals long term.

Background: The main idea of the article is to find whether or not parental control and discipline has an effect on children’s adjustment. The authors’ hypothesis for this study was that parental behavior was the reason behind the relationship between parental inconsistency and the emotional problems that children may have, such as, aggression and depression.

A child exposed to domestic violence is more likely than a child who is not to develop social drawbacks and demonstrate aggression, and antisocial behavior. Research from Brown and Bzostec in 2003 has proved that these children are more disobedient and can have higher levels of anger and hostility. With no self-control and not being able to express their emotions, children end up having poor relationships with their peers, which quickly deprive their self-esteem.