Parenting Workshop

A theory proposed by Erik Erikson (1950, 1963) promotes the eight development stages of adolescents through adulthood by comparing the transitory periods. During each stage, the person experiences a psychosocial crisis which could have a positive or negative outcome for identity and personality development. The first stage is trust vs. mistrust, this stage starts at birth and end at the age of one year. This stage also explains the safety that the infant is getting from the caregiver. For example, if the infant receives constant care, they will develop a sense of trust which will be carried out with them to other and future relationships. The second stage is autonomy vs. shame and doubt; this stage occurs at the age of two to three years old. In this stage, the child is mainly discovering their skills and abilities. The third stage is Initiative vs. Guilt; this stage occurs around age three to age

Piaget’s theory was introduced by Jean Piaget who established four periods of cognitive development. The four stages are; Sensorimotor, Preoperational, Concrete Operational, and Formal operational. The sensorimotor is the first stage and begins when the child is born and proceeds until the age of two years. The second stage is the preoperational stage and begins with the child is two years old and continues until the child reaches six years of age. The concrete stage is the third stage and begins when the child is six years old and proceeds until the age of 11 years old. The formal operational stage is the fourth stage and

To actually witness how Erikson’s Stages of Development theory counterparts with an actual human was mind blowing. Erikson’s precise of understanding of the development stages of a human life span from infancy, early childhood, play age, school, adolescence, young adulthood and maturity analyze the humans’ psychological development that formulate the human personality. Comparing the Development theory to the child that was observed Erikson classified the child was in the early childhood stages meaning the child was either 2-3 years old. According to Erikson the early childhood stage is based on one word “Will”. From observing the child he wanted independence choosing his food, feeding himself and displayed traits of mobility considering the fact he want to run everywhere. The child also displayed social and psychological stability being that he didn’t have a difficult time speaking to others and psychologically he did not perceive any mental issues. The child interaction with his mother and the other woman was very affectionate, playful and normal moment’s considering with a 2-3 year old. Erikson stages of development theory has been very helpful during this observation with facts and

Piaget believed there were four stages in a child’s cognitive development and sub stages within these stages. These stages have been the object of debate since Piaget introduced them and are still continuously debated. All of the stages are very concrete and large scale. They don’t account for children at a particular age who are behind or ahead. Piaget underestimated the capability of children to do particular things earlier than he predicted. However, Piaget overestimated the ability of younger children to understand the words used by adults and the implications of their actions. Piaget’s stages help schools to understand that children develop in different ways and hopefully provide schools with different, more stimulating ways to educate students. The four stages have provided a basis for child development, spurred other child psychologists into proving his theories incorrect and created the first step in the understanding of cognitive development.

Each stage has a goal to be achieved to develop a healthy personality from infancy to late adulthood; an upset in one stage may lead to not being able to perform successfully in the next stage. The theories stages are as follows,

Jean Piaget said that children progress through different stages of cognitive development.While Piaget believed that based on maturation and experience proceed through four stages, Vygotsky believed differently. The four universal stages: sensorimotor, preoperational, concrete operational, and formal operation all start from birth through adolescence. Each stage represents a different way of thinking for the child. Thus, Piaget “argued that it was critical to also consider the changes in the quality of children’s knowledge and understanding as they move from one stage to another” (p 168). A child is not learning unless they are interacting with their environment, making mistakes and learning from them.

Another theorist that studied stages of development is Erik Erikson. Erikson developed eight psychosocial stages that humans encounter throughout their life. The stages are trust vs. mistrust, autonomy vs. shame and doubt, initiative vs. guilt, industry vs. inferiority, identity vs. role confusion, intimacy vs. isolation, generativity vs. stagnation, and integrity vs.

Piaget’s theory of cognitive development helps us to understand the developmental stages of a child from birth to 7 years of age. According to Jean Piaget,

Piaget’s theory of cognitive development was based around his belief that children will develop their intelligence through a series of stages: Sensorimotor (birth – 2yrs), Preoperational (2-7yrs), Concrete Operational (7-11yrs) and Formal Operational (11+). He believed these stages to be invariant, the same stages taking place in a fixed order, and universal, the same for every child regardless of their background or culture. (McLeod, 2015)

Jean Piaget (1896 – 1980) conducted a research study of his own children to the stages of cognitive development. The research that Piaget conducted indicated that the children were an organism that has the tendency to grasps to certain environments. He also suggested that children tend to go through the same stages of development and there seem to be no individual differences. The stages that Piaget used to conduct his research were the sensorimotor stage (0-2), the pre-operational stage (2-7), the concrete operational stage (7-11), and the formal operational stage (11-15).

Jean Piaget was a clinical psychologist, famous for his work in child development. His theory of cognitive development is still popular to this day, despite the fact that new theories are tested every day. Piaget states that cognitive development is discontinuous; it is broken down into different stages. (cite) Each stage establishes major characteristics and changes that develop in children from birth until age 12. In order, these stages are: The sensorimotor stage from ages 0-2; the preoperational stage from ages 2-7; the concrete operational stage from ages 7-11; and the formal operational state from age 12 and onwards. (cite) Due to the fact that the children in the program are around 4 years old, the main focus will be around the second stage.

Piaget’s Theory of Cognitive Development and Vygotsky’s Sociocultural Theory are influential in our understanding of cognitive development for typical and atypical children. Piaget’s Theory of Cognitive Development suggests two stages of development, sensorimotor and preoperational thoughts. These two stages describe children to the age 7 or 8 years old (Hooper and Umansky, 2014).

Jean Piaget was a cognitive theorist and “psychologist who identified stages of mental development, and established the fields of cognitive theory and developmental psychology” (biography.com, n.d.) who was born on August 9th, 1896 in Neuchatel, Switzerland. Jean Piaget’s three children influenced his work as he used them in his case studies of child development. He graduated from the University of Neuchatel graduated in 1916 when he was twenty years old, then went on to get his doctorate of Biology at the age of 22. Piaget’s cognitive theory is made up of 3 components; schemas; adaptation processes and the four stages of development. The first component to his cognitive theory is the four stages of child development, the sensorimotor stage (birth – 2 years) which involves learning through motor actions, the preoperational stage (2 years – 7 years) which involves children developing intelligence by

Throughout history, many individuals have made astonishing contributions to psychology, leaving an impact that influenced future individuals. One of these individuals is Jean Piaget. He had a intensive impact on the field of developmental psychology, particularly on children's intellectual growth. He gathered that children take on an active role in thier learning procedure, acting greatly like scientists as they execute experiments, make observations, and ultimately learn about the world. His central insight was that children think in an essentially different way from fully developed individuals. Piaget described this in four stages that children go through as they reach adulthood, and from his observations others in the field were able to expand on his ideas.

Jean Piaget (1896-1980) developed a theory that the mind of a child evolves through a series of pre-determined stages of adulthood (Pound, 2005, p.37). Piaget saw the child as constantly constructing and revising reality – achieving an increased understanding by incorporating simple concepts into more complex ones at each stage of development (Mooney, 2013, p.96). The four identified stages in his theory are the sensorimotor stage; pre-operational stage; concrete operational stage and formal operations stage (Piaget, 2013, p.32).