Essay on Parkinson Disease (PD)

Diagnosis of Parkinson’s Disease is extremely important in terms of treating the symptoms before the disease gets worse. It is common for patients with PD to have motor symptoms such as gait disorder, which comes from muscle stiffness/rigidity, bradykinesia, postural imbalance, etc. Gait disorders can generally help determine how far the neurological disorder has affected the motor function and control of the individual. Many physicians in general clinics determine if a patient has PD or if it has progressed through evaluating the patients gait pattern, focused on a direct path walking. The problem with this way of diagnosis is that direct paths would generally require the clinic to have a space of 100-meter length for the patient to walk;

Parkinson disease (PD) is one of the most common neurologic disorders. and it affects approximately 1% of individuals older than 60 years old. Parkinson’s disease is a condition that progresses slowly by treatment. In addition, loss of pigmented dopaminergic neurons of the substantianigra pars compacta and the presence of Lewy bodies and Lewyneurites are the two major neuropathologic findings in Parkinson disease (Hauser, 2016).

Parkinson’s disease is a “neurodegenerative disorder of the basal nuclei due to insufficient secretion of the neurotransmitter dopamine” (Marieb & Hoehn, 2013, p. G-17). The cause of Parkinson’s disease is unknown, but many factors play a role in the development of Parkinson’s disease. One factor that has been found in an individual who has Parkinson’s disease causes over activity of targeted dopamine-deprived basal nuclei. This over activity is caused by the breakdown of neurons that release dopamine in the substantia nigra (Marieb & Hoehn, 2013). Another factor that is present in a person who has Parkinson’s disease, is the presence of lewy bodies in the brain stem ("What is lbd?," 2014). Lewy bodies are unusual

Parkinson disease (PD), also referred to as Parkinson’s disease and paralysis agitans, is a progressive neurodegenerative disease that is the third most common neurologic disorder of older adults. It is a debilitating disease affecting motor ability and is characterized by four cardinal symptoms: tremor rigidity, bradykinesia or kinesis (slow movement/no movement), and postural instability. Most people have primary, or idiopathic, disease. A few patients have secondary parkinsonian symptoms from conditions such as brain tumors and certain anti-psychotic drugs.

Parkinson’s disease is caused by the destruction of dopamine-producing nerve cells in the midbrain (Substantia nigra). These nerve cells are used to coordinate smooth and regular body movement. In the absence of these cells, people often experience tremors (involuntary shaking or

Parkinson's Disease is a literally crippling neurodegenerative disorder, manifested in about 1% of the aged population. People who have Parkinson's Disease gradually lose control of their movements; specific symptoms include, "tremor, slowness of movement, stiffness, difficulty in walking, and loss of balance." (1) Evidence strongly suggests that Parkinson's Disease is the result of severe cell loss in the substantia nigra. This brain structure is principally involved in the production of dopamine. (2) Dopamine, among other functions, is the neurotransmitter involved in initiation of movement. Hence, the link between dopaminergic cell loss and cessation of voluntary movement, as manifested

Parkinson's disease is neurodegenerative brain disorder that affects the brain and nervous system. When someone get Parkinson's it slowly develops in most people who get the disease. PD or Parkinson’s Disease affects people when they start to reach 60 years old. When a person is diagnosed with Parkinson's disease the brain slowly stops producing a neurotransmitter called dopamine. The less dopamine a person has the harder it is to control their abilities to regulate their emotions and body motions. Imagine not having any control of your hands, legs, arms, and emotions… heartbreaking. There is currently no cure for Parkinson's disease right now but with your help and donations made out to the michael J. Fox

The explanation of the processes in the nervous system, which lead to the distressing results of a completely changed lifestyle as well as behavior, is important for understanding the origins of the disease. For all movements/actions the body performs, the brain gathers information about the body position which comes together in the striatum. The striatum, in cooperation with the substantia nigra and other parts of the brain, sends out commands for balance and coordination. The substantia nigra produces dopamine, the neurotransmitter which is crucial to human movement and controlling of balance. In Parkinson's disease, there is a dying off of the nerve cells producing dopamine in the substantia nigra, resulting in a large loss of dopamine in the brain, which causes a disbalance in the dopamine/acetylcholine cooperation. (6)The effects are a lack of coordination of movements, manifesting through tremor, stiff muscles, difficult moving.

The cause of PD is still unknown at this time, although a number of theories are presently

After watching the video: My father, My Brother, and Me, viewable at www.pbs.org , I took away four significant concepts pertaining to PD. The first concept is that although there is not a definitive cause to this disease, research has shown that factors such as genes and toxic chemicals may play a pivotal role in the

Parkinson’s Disease (PD) is a chronic neurodegenerative disease that affects approximately ten million people worldwide (Hellqvist & Berterö, 2015). Unfortunately, the cause of PD is still unknown. However, PD’s pathology involves degeneration in noradrenergic, serotonergic, and dopaminergic pathways (Hellqvist & Berterö, 2015). In addition, abnormally folded Lewy bodies form nodules in brain cells and infect healthy neurons (Hellqvist & Berterö, 2015). PD causes motor and cognitive impairments which include tremor, postural instability, depression, and anxiety (Chenoweth, Sheriff, McAnally, & Tait, 2013). PD is one of the most debilitating and costly chronic diseases in the world, and could have serious

Parkinson’s disease is affected by the degeneration of dopaminergic neurons which is responsible to produce dopamine. Dopaminergic neurons have their cell bodies in substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc) in basal ganglia (O’Sullivan and Schmitz, 2007). Basal ganglia are a collection of interconnected gray matter nuclear masses deep within the brain”. These gray matter masses are caudate, putamen, globus pallidus, subthalamic nucleus and the substantia nigra. Basal ganglia receive its input through striatum (O’Sullivan and Schmitz, 2007).

Parkinson 's disease is a chronic progressive movement disorder of the central nervous system. Early in the course of the disease, the most obvious symptoms are movement-related; these include shaking, rigidity, slowness of movement and difficulty with walking and Parkinson’s like gait (leaning forward, small fast pace steps, shuffling, etc.). Parkinson’s involves the malfunction and death of nerve cells in the brain, entitled neurons. Although damage can be spread about, it primarily affects neurons in an area of the brain called the substantia nigra. The substantia nigra controls voluntary movement, produces the neurotransmitter dopamine, and regulates mood. When taking an in-depth look into the changes a Parkinson’s patient goes through, we see symptoms clearly connecting to that of the substantia nigra malfunctioning. Parkinson’s disease is a chronic and progressive disorder of the brain primarily affecting the motor system, but also affecting thinking and emotion.

A study done has brought up the potential of coffee preventing PD. The benefits are most likely coming from the caffeine. It could lead to new treatments or even eventually pevent the disorder. In the study, men who did not drink coffee were five times more likely to develop PD than those who drank up to 6 ounce cups per day. Men who did not drink coffee were only 2-3 more times likely to develop the disease than men who had 4 ounce cups a day. The results are only based on men and cannot be confirmed for women yet. Caffeine may be protecting the brain from nerve-call damage that causes the PD. An additional factor that could attribute to the results is cigarette smoking. If caffeine indeed does have benefits, it is not clear whether it can prevent or slow

Parkinson’s Disease is a multifactorial disease which means it does not have one specific disease. Multifactorial diseases, such as Parkinson’s Disease, are caused by both genetic and environmental causes. PD is known to be linked to “a deficiency of dopamine neurons.” Scientists know that the cause of Parkinson's Disease is due to the death of dopamine cells in the substantia nigra and basal ganglia;(Abromovitz 28-30) however, no one is sure what causes these neurons to die.