Parkinson's Disease Article Analysis

James Parkinson first discovered Parkinson's Disease in 1817. Parkinson's Disease is a common neurologic disorder for the elderly. It is a disorder of the brain characterized by shaking and difficulty with walking, movement, and coordination. This disease is associated with damage to a part of the brain that controls muscle movement. Parkinson's Disease is a chronic illness that is still being extensively studied.

While attending the Parkinson’s Support Group, I observed and took note of many occurrences throughout the group. There were 18 caregivers/individuals with Parkinson’s in attendance, along with 3 students, the director, and the group leader (a counseling student intern). Each individual diagnosed with Parkinson’s, except for two, was accompanied by their spouse/caregiver. Members of this group sat around a rectangle table with the group leader at the front. The purpose of the group, on that particular day, was to discuss challenges that individuals with Parkinson’s and or caregivers face, activities and ways to cope, and some positive gains after the disability. The type of group that was ran was a support group, as compared to having guest speakers as usual. The Parkinson’s group was open to the

Parkinson disease (PD), also referred to as Parkinson’s disease and paralysis agitans, is a progressive neurodegenerative disease that is the third most common neurologic disorder of older adults. It is a debilitating disease affecting motor ability and is characterized by four cardinal symptoms: tremor rigidity, bradykinesia or kinesis (slow movement/no movement), and postural instability. Most people have primary, or idiopathic, disease. A few patients have secondary parkinsonian symptoms from conditions such as brain tumors and certain anti-psychotic drugs.

There is also no actual known cause of the disease. But in your case because of the car accident that you had a few weeks ago The MRI that we took of your brain shows that your brain was hit pretty hard and the nerve cells of your basal ganglia have become impaired which means you will start to produce a lot less dopamine. An MRI is a painless test used to see the inside of the body without using X-rays. It uses a large magnet, safe, low- energy radio waves and a computer to produce 2d or 3d pictures. Radio waves are passed into your body and are absorbed by some of the tissues, which in turn retransmit the radio waves. The magnet is then turned on and off. The computer picks up this information and generates a picture. Diseased tissue gives off a different signal from healthy tissue and the machine detects this. The positives of having an MRI is that it provides a detailed picture of any part of the body and also means that some of the less pleasant tests do not have to be done. The negatives of having an MRI are very little, they include, being slightly uncomfortable if you are claustrophobic, otherwise the test should have gone very smoothly. Also because you are over the age of 50 this can come in role of the disease. The damage of your brain and your age a very high risks of developing Parkinson’s. Through our research, our understanding the possible causes of Parkinson’s disease is increasing all the time. We also know that you have Parkinson’s because of the symptoms you have been showing. In This disease there are four categories- tremors, stiffness, slowness of movement, and impaired balance and coordination. The nonmotor symptoms, which are symptoms that are not visible are- memory loss, depression, diminished sense of smell. All of these symptoms develop slowly and gradually progress over time. Also remember that each person is very different and are affected differently and

Parkinson's disease is a progressive degenerative disorder of the central nervous system that affects the motor system. It is marked by tremor at rest, muscular rigidity, postural instability, and slow, imprecise movement. The most obvious symptoms are movement related, which include; shaking, rigidity, slowness of movement, difficult with walking, balance, and gait. Other motor symptoms include: posture disturbances, such as a decrease in arm swing, a forward flexed posture, and the use of small steps when walking. Speech and swallowing disturbances are also common motor problems that can appear as well to a patient with Parkinson's disease. Young adults rarely experience Parkinson's disease because it is more common to affect

Parkinson’s is a disease where patients do not have enough dopamine, because some of their nerve cells have died in the brain. Dopamine controls the movement in the body, and without it movement becomes slow. Treatments for Parkinson’s are used to control the symptoms. This disease is not well known because patients do not generally die from Parkinson’s. As Parkinson’s progresses the symptoms get worse and can cause other health issues. I used current research papers and information found pertaining to different Parkinson’s organizations to argue the point that Parkinson’s does not have enough awareness and funding for scientists to find a cure.

Parkinson’s disease produces both motor symptoms and nonmotor symptoms. There are four cardinal motor symptoms of Parkinson’s: tremor, rigidity, bradykinesia (slow movements), and postural instability. Tremor is the most obvious symptom of Parkinson’s, as well as the most common. The tremor is uncontrollable and is most noticeable when the limb is at rest; when the limb is in use, the tremor disappears. Often times, the tremor only affects the hand or foot on one side of the body, but it can eventually become bilateral. Rigidity is characterized as stiffness and resistance to movement in the limbs. The arms, legs, face, and back are areas commonly affected. Early on, rigidity can cause joint pain, often in the shoulder. Bradykinesia is one of the most common symptoms of Parkinson’s. It is described as slowness and difficulty in initiating and making movements, especially repetitive movements and fine motor skills, such as writing. Bradykinesia greatly affects the ability of the Parkinson’s sufferer to perform common activities of daily life, like getting dressed. According to Nolden (2015), postural instability is the imbalance and loss of righting reflexes. This is usually a symptom that shows up in the late stages of Parkinson’s. Postural instability is linked with high rates of hip fractures in people with Parkinson’s disease, due to increased falls. Aside from the four cardinal motor symptoms, there are secondary motor symptoms that go

disease” (Atchison & Dirette, 2012, p. 213). The disease is a complex hypokinetic type with

It has been proven that a set diet and forms of rehabilitation like exercise can improve symptoms of parkinson’s disease. When the drugs become ineffective sufferers of parkinson’s can undergo surgery to place microelectrodes for deep brain stimulation which reduce motor symptoms. Other symptoms which aren’t as big an issue like sleep disturbances and emotional problems can be effected by the medication that is taken. Sleep disturbances can be worse and somebody with parkinson’s can also suffer sleep insomnia, 13% of people with parkinson’s have sleep attacks or narcolepsy which is a neurological disorder which makes a sufferer randomly fall

Parkinson’s Disease is known as one of the most common progressive and chronic neurodegenerative disorders. It belongs to a group of conditions known as movement disorders. Parkinson disease is a component of hypokinetic disorder because it causes a decreased in bodily movement. It affects people who are usually over the age of 50. It can impair an individual motor as well as non-motor function. Some of the primary symptoms of Parkinson’s disease are characterized by tremors or trembling in hands, legs and arms. In early symptoms the tremor can be unilateral, appearing in one side of body but progression in the disease can cause it to spread to both sides; rigidity or a resistant to movement affects most people with Parkinson’s disease,

Parkinson’s Disease-like pathologies are found in different organisms. However, the pathology do not necessarily result in Parkinson’s-like symptoms. In horses, dysfunction of the pituitary pars intermedia due to the loss of dopaminergic neurons within the hypothalamus is a characteristic of Cushing’s disease (Spelta, 2015). Currently, it is hypothesized that with age, oxidation within the hypothalamus causes the loss of dopaminergic neurons. In equine Cushing’s disease, proopiomelanocortin peptides (POMC), such as acetylcholine (ACTH), α-melanocyte-stimulation hormone (α-MSH), and ß-endorphin, are mass-produced due to the lack of dopamine inhibiting melanotrope cells of the pars intermedia within the pituitary gland (Toribio, 2012). With

Parkinson’s disease, is the disorder of the brain which causes shaking and unsmooth movements. Parkinson’s disease is a very horrible fate for multiple people. Muhammed Ali was a boxing legend and Parkinson’s disease ended his career, and probably ruined his life. Right now more than one million american’s have Parkinson’s Disease, and these are the only American’s know how horrendous and difficult it is to have Parkinson’s.

In this paper I am going to talk about Parkinson’s Disease. I will talk about what it is, how it occurs, the symptoms, any cures/treatments, facts, how the disease affects the levels of organization, what levels it affects, how it affects homeostasis, how the disease disrupts homeostasis, and how the body responds.

Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a common neurodegenerative disorder characterized by loss of striatal dopaminergic (DA) terminals and progressive degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars campocta (SNpc) [1]. There is growing evidence suggesting the role of chronic, uncontrolled inflammation in many neuro degenerative disorders[4-7] [1-7] and the effect of anti-inflammatory drugs in altering the course of the disease further supports this idea [8][8]. The inflammation in CNS is mostly the result of innate immune response caused my microglia, cytokines and complement proteins [9][9]. The pathological characteristic of PD is deposits of aggregated α-synuclein in intracellular inclusions, called Lewy bodies [2, 3], which can

Parkinson disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterized mainly by physical and psychological disabilities. This disorder was named after James Parkinson, an English physician who first described it as shaking palsy in 1817 (Goetz, Factr, and Weiner, 2002). Jean- Martin Charcot, who was a French neurologist, then progressed and further refined the description of the disease and identified other clinical features of PD (Goetz, Factr, and Weiner, 2002). PD involves the loss of cells that produce the neurotransmitter dopamine in a part of the brain stem called the substansia nigra, which results in several signs and symptoms (Byrd, Marks, and Starr, 2000). It is manifested clinically by tremor,