Parkinson's Disease Research Paper

Each year more than 60,000 Americans are diagnosed with Parkinson’s disease (PDF, 2014). That sixty thousand does not include the many thousand cases that go undetected each year. Parkinson’s is a progressive disorder that occurs in the nervous system. This disease affects a person’s movement. Parkinson’s disease develops progressively. The most common first sign of Parkinson’s is slight shaking of a body part. In the initial phase of Parkinson’s a person will experience slurring of speech and an expressionless face (Mayo Clinic, 2014). With time, the symptoms of Parkinson’s exacerbate. This disease is most frequently seen in people over the age of 50 (PDF, 2014). Parkinson’s disease is generated by a great number of reasons.

The main symptoms and signs of Parkinson’s are bradykinesia, rigidity and rest tremor. Parkinson’s is mainly seen as a movement disorder, but other areas of health problems are associated with it. These include depression and dementia along with autonomic disturbances and pain, although considered to be rare they can present at a later stage of the condition. These rarer symptoms, as they progress, can lead to substantial disability and handicap which harms quality of life for the person living with Parkinson’s, this also has an impact on families and carer’s.

J.N., a 65-year-old Caucasian female with a history of anxiety and depression, presents for diagnostic testing at Saint Mary Medical Center in Hobart, Indiana to confirm or deny a diagnosis of Parkinson’s Disease, after presenting with recent onset of upper extremity tremor affecting both sides and facial masking. Patient history also includes bradykinesia, restlessness, fatigue, muscle weakness, and poor balance and coordination, all of which are common in a diagnosis of Parkinson’s Disease. J.N. was referred to the Neurology Department of Saint Mary Medical Center after a routine appointment with her Cardiologist, who noted the recent onset of additional signs and symptoms. J.N. is my mother and my inspiration for this assignment.

While attending the Parkinson’s Support Group, I observed and took note of many occurrences throughout the group. There were 18 caregivers/individuals with Parkinson’s in attendance, along with 3 students, the director, and the group leader (a counseling student intern). Each individual diagnosed with Parkinson’s, except for two, was accompanied by their spouse/caregiver. Members of this group sat around a rectangle table with the group leader at the front. The purpose of the group, on that particular day, was to discuss challenges that individuals with Parkinson’s and or caregivers face, activities and ways to cope, and some positive gains after the disability. The type of group that was ran was a support group, as compared to having guest speakers as usual. The Parkinson’s group was open to the

Parkinson disease (PD), also referred to as Parkinson’s disease and paralysis agitans, is a progressive neurodegenerative disease that is the third most common neurologic disorder of older adults. It is a debilitating disease affecting motor ability and is characterized by four cardinal symptoms: tremor rigidity, bradykinesia or kinesis (slow movement/no movement), and postural instability. Most people have primary, or idiopathic, disease. A few patients have secondary parkinsonian symptoms from conditions such as brain tumors and certain anti-psychotic drugs.

There is also no actual known cause of the disease. But in your case because of the car accident that you had a few weeks ago The MRI that we took of your brain shows that your brain was hit pretty hard and the nerve cells of your basal ganglia have become impaired which means you will start to produce a lot less dopamine. An MRI is a painless test used to see the inside of the body without using X-rays. It uses a large magnet, safe, low- energy radio waves and a computer to produce 2d or 3d pictures. Radio waves are passed into your body and are absorbed by some of the tissues, which in turn retransmit the radio waves. The magnet is then turned on and off. The computer picks up this information and generates a picture. Diseased tissue gives off a different signal from healthy tissue and the machine detects this. The positives of having an MRI is that it provides a detailed picture of any part of the body and also means that some of the less pleasant tests do not have to be done. The negatives of having an MRI are very little, they include, being slightly uncomfortable if you are claustrophobic, otherwise the test should have gone very smoothly. Also because you are over the age of 50 this can come in role of the disease. The damage of your brain and your age a very high risks of developing Parkinson’s. Through our research, our understanding the possible causes of Parkinson’s disease is increasing all the time. We also know that you have Parkinson’s because of the symptoms you have been showing. In This disease there are four categories- tremors, stiffness, slowness of movement, and impaired balance and coordination. The nonmotor symptoms, which are symptoms that are not visible are- memory loss, depression, diminished sense of smell. All of these symptoms develop slowly and gradually progress over time. Also remember that each person is very different and are affected differently and

Parkinson’s disease is a disorder that progresses over time. It affects your movement through your nervous system; the disorder causes stiffness, and slow movement in your body. Most noticeably started in little “tremors” in your hands it gradually increases over time. Early stages consists little expression in your face or no movement in your arms as you walk. Your speech may also slur, or slow down. Symptoms usually worsen over time.

Many disease have been discovered thought the years. Many of which target a specific sex, age, or even a specific gene in a body. One particular disease is Parkinson’s disease that targets adults of age 60 and over. In 1817 James Parkinson wrote his famous essay over Shanking Paisy. Making James Parkinson the first to describe paralysis agitans that will later be named Parkinson’s disease.

This journal article discusses the history of Parkinson’s disease. An overview of the how Parkinson’s disease was discovered is provided. The overview of the history includes reference to James Parkinson’s essay which was the first to document the symptoms of Parkinson’s as well as how Parkinson’s was differentiated from other neurological disorders. Symptoms, the evolution of treatment options, including pharmacopeia, surgery, as well as placebo therapy. Multiple historical documents are referenced to provide the history of Parkinson’s disease.

Another effect of Parkinson's disease is the trembling of their legs. People that have the disease can't walk good because their legs are constantly shaking. Their legs shake so uncontrollably that they have to use a wheelchair to get around everywhere they go and they can't move it by themselves because they aren't able to move their arms and legs without shaking uncontrollably. If someone with Parkinson's tries to walk they don't have any balance so they would just fall right over. We need your help to find a cure a help these innocent people out to have a normal life

Parkinson’s Disease is known as one of the most common progressive and chronic neurodegenerative disorders. It belongs to a group of conditions known as movement disorders. Parkinson disease is a component of hypokinetic disorder because it causes a decreased in bodily movement. It affects people who are usually over the age of 50. It can impair an individual motor as well as non-motor function. Some of the primary symptoms of Parkinson’s disease are characterized by tremors or trembling in hands, legs and arms. In early symptoms the tremor can be unilateral, appearing in one side of body but progression in the disease can cause it to spread to both sides; rigidity or a resistant to movement affects most people with Parkinson’s disease,

Charcot examined a large group of patients within Salpetriere Hospital in Paris, he had developed a way to observe tremors in action and at rest. “He noted that the patients with action tremor had accompanying features of weakness, spasticity, and visual disturbance. In contrast, those with rest tremor differed in having rigidity, slowed movements, a typical hunched posture, and very soft spoken.” (Goetz 2011) Charcot early tremor studies helped to establish Parkinson’s Disease through his very high publicized findings that neurological entity could be confidently be diagnosed. In 1957 a Swedish scientist Arvid Carlsson found out that dopamine in the brain region that is important for movement control. He showed that the levels of dopamine can be reduced in animals to cause symptoms of Parkinson’s Disease and also by giving the animals levodopa (L-dopa) to reverse the symptoms of PD. PD is second most common neurodegenerative after Alzheimer’s Disease and the most common movement disorder. Over 60,000 people here in the United States are diagnosed every year but they say the numbers can be much higher with undiagnosed people out there but over one million people live with Parkinson daily.10 million people worldwide live with Parkinson’s Disease and April 11th is World Parkinson’s Day. On April 11th, 2017 marked 200 years since James Parkinson publicized his essay.

Parkinson’s disease was named after a man named James Parkinson. James was a 62-year-old surgeon from London It was named after him because he was the person to list all the symptoms and talk about the disease in an essay. The essay was called “Essay on the Shaking Palsy”. Parkinson’s disease is a disorder of the nervous system that disrupts and causes movement. It’s a disorder that starts off slowly, and gradually grows over time. It can start off with a small tremor. A tremor is and involuntary quivering or shaking movement. These can be found in one hand. Some other symptoms are Rigidity (stiffness), Postural instability (unsteadiness or falling), and Bradykniesia (decreased movement). Those are some

Parkinson disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterized mainly by physical and psychological disabilities. This disorder was named after James Parkinson, an English physician who first described it as shaking palsy in 1817 (Goetz, Factr, and Weiner, 2002). Jean- Martin Charcot, who was a French neurologist, then progressed and further refined the description of the disease and identified other clinical features of PD (Goetz, Factr, and Weiner, 2002). PD involves the loss of cells that produce the neurotransmitter dopamine in a part of the brain stem called the substansia nigra, which results in several signs and symptoms (Byrd, Marks, and Starr, 2000). It is manifested clinically by tremor,

Parkinson’s disease is a progressive disorder of the nervous system characterized by tremor, slowed movement, and muscle rigidity; typically only seen in those over the age of forty. It is named after James Parkinson, an English surgeon, whom first described the symptoms of “the shaking palsy,” in a report published in 1817 (Grimes, 2004).