Parkinson's Disease Research Paper

Many may not know Parkinson’s disease is the second most common neurodegenerative disorder in the world. This disease is most seen in the elderly starting at 62 years of age although, younger individuals can still have the disease it isn’t common. Parkinson’s make it difficult for its victims to carry out everyday activities that might have once been easy for them. As the disease progresses it makes it hard for the patient to do things like walk, stand, swallow and speak. A great deal of people don’t realize how helpful therapy can be when dealing with such disease!

Parkinson disease (PD), also referred to as Parkinson’s disease and paralysis agitans, is a progressive neurodegenerative disease that is the third most common neurologic disorder of older adults. It is a debilitating disease affecting motor ability and is characterized by four cardinal symptoms: tremor rigidity, bradykinesia or kinesis (slow movement/no movement), and postural instability. Most people have primary, or idiopathic, disease. A few patients have secondary parkinsonian symptoms from conditions such as brain tumors and certain anti-psychotic drugs.

Parkinson’s and Alzheimer’s disease are two degenerative brain diseases that differ in their symptoms, causes, treatment, physical and biological indicators. Per Hooley et al. (2017), Parkinson’ disease is thought to be caused by an extended reduction of dopamine, which the absence of constrains normal neural impulses in the brain. After some time, movements such as tremors, stammered speech, diminished or unintentional body movements are demonstrated. Those that suffer from Parkinson’s disease often have an incapability to swallow and muscle stiffness that affects muscles in their faces with mental deterioration occurring as the disease progresses. Parkinson’s disease can be traced to gender and genetics and most of those affected are men that have a family history of the disease (APA, 2013). Treatment for Parkinson’s disease encompasses dopamine precursors to increase the presence of dopamine.

Parkinson's disease is a progressive degenerative disorder of the central nervous system that affects the motor system. It is marked by tremor at rest, muscular rigidity, postural instability, and slow, imprecise movement. The most obvious symptoms are movement related, which include; shaking, rigidity, slowness of movement, difficult with walking, balance, and gait. Other motor symptoms include: posture disturbances, such as a decrease in arm swing, a forward flexed posture, and the use of small steps when walking. Speech and swallowing disturbances are also common motor problems that can appear as well to a patient with Parkinson's disease. Young adults rarely experience Parkinson's disease because it is more common to affect

The question may arise, what exactly is Parkinson’s disease? Parkinson’s disease is a progressive degenerative neurological disorder, which means that it gets worse over time. PD is more common with increasing age affecting 1% of the population above 55, with 4-10% of cases having early onset before the age of 40 (XXXX). The average age of onset ranges between 58-62 years old and is more common in men than women. The disease itself is defined by the presence of lewy bodies in neurons and a loss of dopamine. Degenerative changes to the basal ganglia affect the nerve cells in the substantia niagra that produce dopamine. This results in a decrease in the production of dopamine that is getting to the brain. Dopamine is a neurotransmitter involved with regulating movement making early signs of PD primarily motor impairments and progression of this disease can range from

Parkinson’s disease is a chronic neurodegenerative disorder characterized by degeneration and cell loss of the substantia nigra, which causes disturbances of voluntary motor control [5]. It impairs ones ability to produce movements and is commonly associated with difficulties of daily living. Parkinson’s disease (PD) affects approximately 1.5% to 2.0% of the population over the age of sixty years old [2] and “… it is estimated that 6 million individuals worldwide are currently living with PD,” [7] (pg323). Parkinson’s sufferers often experience physical distress and an altered quality of life.

From a clinical diagnosis standpoint, Parkinson’s is solely dependent on the physical symptoms that have been caused by the deficiency of dopamine because of the lack of neuron cells in the substantia nigra. Without high end laboratory maneuvers and MRIs of the brain, Parkinson’s can already be diagnosed just by observing the physicality of the patient. MRIs are usually used to rule out any other disorder that could also present the same symptoms as Parkinson’s. The primary symptoms in regards to this disease include akinesia, or loss or impairment of voluntary movements, bradykinesia, or slow movement, trembling in hands, arms head, and legs, stiffness in the trunk portion of the body and muscle flexors of the limbs, and unstable posture affecting balance. Parkinson’s is chronic and slow progressive and over time patients will begin to experience difficulty in normal tasks such as walking, talking, and other day to day activities (NINDS, 2013).

Parkinson’s disease is a chronic disorder of the nervous system with a gradual onset that primarily affects the body’s motor system. The symptoms of the disease are mainly caused by the death of dopamine-producing cells in the midbrain. Dopamine is an important neurotransmitter that, among other things, is responsible for playing a role in how the brain controls bodily movements. Therefore, the cardinal symptoms of the disease are movement related, including tremor and rigid, jerky movements. Parkinson’s is a progressive disease, meaning it gets worse over time, until it eventually leads to complete disability. Parkinson’s is a fairly common disease, and several well-known people, such as actor Michael J. Fox and boxer Muhammad Ali have

Parkinson’s Disease (PD) is a slowly progressing neurologic disorder that affects the brain’s ability to regulate motor function. Most patients are able to live for years with the disease. Although there is no available cure for PD, patients are typically successful in managing symptoms and maintaining a good quality of life.

Parkinson’s Disease is known as one of the most common progressive and chronic neurodegenerative disorders. It belongs to a group of conditions known as movement disorders. Parkinson disease is a component of hypokinetic disorder because it causes a decreased in bodily movement. It affects people who are usually over the age of 50. It can impair an individual motor as well as non-motor function. Some of the primary symptoms of Parkinson’s disease are characterized by tremors or trembling in hands, legs and arms. In early symptoms the tremor can be unilateral, appearing in one side of body but progression in the disease can cause it to spread to both sides; rigidity or a resistant to movement affects most people with Parkinson’s disease,

In 1817, James Parkinson, a British physician, published his essay reporting this disease citing six cases of paralysis agitans. An Essay on the Shaking Palsy described the characteristic resting tremor, abnormal posture and gait, paralysis and diminished muscle strength, and the way that the disease progresses over so it was labeled Parkinson’s disease (PD) in his honor. Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative brain disorder that progresses slowly in most people. Most people's symptoms take years to develop, and they live for years with the disease. In short, a person's brain slowly stops producing a neurotransmitter called dopamine. With less and less dopamine, a person has less and less ability to regulate their movements, body and

There are many genetic disorders, but Parkinson’s disease is one of the worst. Parkinson’s disease affects people usually 50 and over. Because of rising life expectancies Parkinson’s is predicted to appear even more. So far there are treatments for Parkinson’s but no cure, and they don’t know when there’s going to be one. Even though Parkinson’s disease is not fatal it can reduce a person’s life span, as well as mess up the social experience and can also lead up to severe incapacity within 10-20 years.

Parkinson’s Disease is a very common disorder these days. Over 10 million people live daily with Parkinson worldwide. Parkinson’s Disease was named after an English surgeon James Parkinson who wrote a detailed description essay called Shaking Palsy in 1817. The average age for Parkinson’s Disease is between 45 to 70 years old but you can also have juvenile or young onset as well. Most common symptoms of Parkinson are tremors, bradykinesia or akinesia, or rigidity or stiffness, and balance disorder. Parkinson’s Disease doesn’t have a cure and the cause is unknown it could be a number of things genetics, environmental triggers, age, or gender. Parkinson’s Disease happens because the dopaminergic neuron dies and

Parkinson’s disease (PD), a degenerative nervous system disorder, is more common every day, yet it is still a mystery on what causes it. More than a million Americans have been diagnosed with PD and every year there are 60,000 new cases. Affecting older people, it is the second most common disorder and the condition is expected to increase as the aging population increases. PD essentially is the loss of dopamine-producing neurons. The increase in research has led to a wide range of possibilities to the causes involving both genetic and environmental factors. There are two different types of symptoms: motor and non-motor.

Parkinson’s Disease (PD) is a progressive and neurodegenerating disorder in the central nervous system that affects the motor skills of a patient. It is a long-term disorder that is common to old people ranging ages from the early 60s. Motor symptoms include shaking, rigidity, slowness in movement and difficulty to move limbs; all of these happen due to the result of dead cells coming from the substantia nigra, a region of the midbrain. It is understood that a dopamine deficiency is the root cause of this matter. The disease has no cure but recent studies suggest different kinds of treatments such as the anti-parkinson medication levodopa (L-DOPA).