Parkinson's Research Papers

Parkinson’s disease is a progressive neurological condition which occurs when the brains nerve cells that contain/produce dopamine die, without the chemical

Parkinson’s disease “is described as a common disorder of the brain caused by a progressive deterioration of the areas that produce the neurotransmitter dopamine” (Fischer, 1999). It affects the nervous system, more specifically it affects the nerve cells in your brain that secrete dopamine. Dopamine is a chemical that is responsible for the movement and coordination of the musculoskeletal system.

Parkinson’s is a progressive neurodegenerative disease, primarily affecting voluntary, precise, and controlled movement. Parkinson’s occurs when cells in a part of the brain called the substantia nigra die off. These cells are responsible for producing dopamine. With less and less dopamine, a person has less and less ability to regulate their movements, body and emotions. The terms "familial Parkinson's disease" and "sporadic Parkinson's disease" are used to differentiate genetic from truly idiopathic forms of the disease.

Parkinson's Disease is a chronic and progressive neurodegenerative disorder that can affect body movements which can cause uncontrollable tremors of the hands, arms, legs, and face

This lead to what we know today (Dauer and Przedborski). Parkinson’s disease is a neurological disorder in which the dopamine making neurons in the brain slowly die. Dopamine is a neurotransmitter that aids in movement, cognitive thinking, and many more things, so people with Parkinson’s disease usually have a tougher time getting around and thinking clearly. When the dopamine deteriorates, the neurons slowly die. Although scientists know that the loss of dopamine is what causes Parkinson’s disease, they still do not know what causes the dopamine to start deteriorating. “Many believe that by understanding the sequence of events that leads to the loss of dopamine cells, scientists will be able to develop treatments to stop or reverse the disease” (Parkinson’s Disease Foundation, Causes). Through advances in the technological world, scientists are being able to research in ways that some people may have never thought would be possible.

“The disease is caused by the death of cells in one of the movement control centers of the brain” (Sick!). More than one million people in the United States are affected by this disease, and about 60,000 new cases are diagnosed each year with an equal frequency and men and women. It usually develops when a person is in his or her late 50s or early 60s. Parkinson's Disease develops gradually, but continues for long periods of time, usually many years. When brain cells die in the substantia nigra, it doesn't release enough dopamine. Dopamine is a neurotransmitter that helps send signals that control movement, and without it, signals cannot travel from substantia nigra brain cells to other parts of the body. This makes every day movement like walking and writing to not occur correctly. Researchers have not yet discovered the basic cause of Parkinson's disease, but some think the disease is hereditary or caused by environmental factors. Some of the symptoms of Parkinson's Disease are tremor (shaking), slowing down of movements, muscle rigidity (stiffness), problems with posture and balance, depression, changes in the way a person speaks, sleep problems, emotional changes, incontinence (loss of bladder control), changes in handwriting, and dementia (problems with mental functions). There is no known treatment or way to prevent Parkinson's disease

Many people around the world today suffer from Parkinson’s disease and other movement disorders. A movement disorder is a disorder impairing the speed, fluency, quality, and ease of movement. There are many types of movement disorders such as impaired fluency and speed of movement (dyskinesia), excessive movements (hyperkinesia), and slurred movements (hypokinesia). Some types of movement disorders are ataxia, a lack of coordination, Huntington's disease, multiple system atrophies, myoclonus, brief, rapid outbursts of movement, progressive supranuclear palsy, restless legs syndrome, reflex sympathetic dystrophy, tics, Tourette's syndrome, tremor, Wilson disease, dystonia, which causes involuntary body movement, and Parkinson's disease. Parkinson’s disease, Tourette’s syndrome, and tics are one of the most widely known of these disorders, known to impair people of movements and rob them of their lives.

Parkinson’s is a degenerative disorder, it affects the central nervous system, impairs motor skills, speech and can impair other parts of the nervous system. When a person has Parkinson's they can experience muscle rigidity, tremors, a change in postural stability, which can result in a difficulty to have balance, and slowing or loss of physical movement. You can also experience memory problems with the episodic memory (working memory), one of the problems are recalling already learned information. One of the causes to Parkinson’s is age, as you get older you are more likely to develop the disease. Development of Parkinson’s is related to decreased stimulation of the motor cortex, these neurons create dopamine and when they die off symptoms

Parkinson’s Disease is known as one of the most common progressive and chronic neurodegenerative disorders. It belongs to a group of conditions known as movement disorders. Parkinson disease is a component of hypokinetic disorder because it causes a decreased in bodily movement. It affects people who are usually over the age of 50. It can impair an individual motor as well as non-motor function. Some of the primary symptoms of Parkinson’s disease are characterized by tremors or trembling in hands, legs and arms. In early symptoms the tremor can be unilateral, appearing in one side of body but progression in the disease can cause it to spread to both sides; rigidity or a resistant to movement affects most people with Parkinson’s disease,

Parkinson’s disease is a neurological disorder that is classified as a movement disorder (Pinel, 2013). Parkinson’s disease is a progressive disease, meaning it does more damage over time. Many people may believe that Parkinson’s is an uncommon disease, however it affects as much as 1 percentage of the population over the age of 60 (Shafique, Blagrove, Chung, & Logendrarajah, 2011). Surprisingly, men are two and a half times more likely to develop Parkinson’s over women (Pinel, 2013). Parkinson’s is a disease that dramatically impacts those who suffer from it. Parkinson’s disease affects every part of a patient’s life, including personal and professional, health, and all matters pertaining to the quality of life. While

Parkinson’s Disease is a very common disorder these days. Over 10 million people live daily with Parkinson worldwide. Parkinson’s Disease was named after an English surgeon James Parkinson who wrote a detailed description essay called Shaking Palsy in 1817. The average age for Parkinson’s Disease is between 45 to 70 years old but you can also have juvenile or young onset as well. Most common symptoms of Parkinson are tremors, bradykinesia or akinesia, or rigidity or stiffness, and balance disorder. Parkinson’s Disease doesn’t have a cure and the cause is unknown it could be a number of things genetics, environmental triggers, age, or gender. Parkinson’s Disease happens because the dopaminergic neuron dies and

The Parkinson’s Disease Foundation states that this disease is a chronic and progressive movement disorder. In another words, the disease typically worsens over time. Nearly one million people in the United States live with Parkinson’s disease today (Parkinson’s Disease Foundation: What is Parkinson’s Disease, 2016). The cause of this disease is still being researched and tested, but as of now it is still unknown and has no cure. Since there is no cure, things like medications, treatments, and surgery are given to prolong and stabilize a person with the disease. Parkinson 's is when the vital nerve cell called a neuron dies. This happens in the part of the brain; substantia nigra, the dying cells still provide dopamine which is a chemical that sends messages to the brain to control body movements and coordination. As the disease increases and gets more severe, the amount of dopamine produced decreases which is when a person typically relies on medications to help control movements and their coordination. Symptoms of this disease vary from person to person, the most common ones associated with it are tremors of hands, face, jaw, legs, and arms, slowness of movement, stiffness of limbs, and impaired balance/coordination.

The main motor features of Parkinson’s disease include tremor, bradykinesia, rigidity, and impairment of postural balance. Tremor is a common symptom at an early stage of PD, it can be seen in 70% of patients approximately. Typically, it occurs at a frequency of 3-5 Hz causing a ‘pill rolling’ movement of the thumb and index finger. The tremor may also extend to the forearm or even to the elbow and upper arm. Bradykinesia is defined as the slowness of voluntary

Parkinson’s disease is a disease that is associated with disorders of the basal ganglia. Parkinson’s disease is a disease where the muscles cannot be still and the person shakes a lot. The shaking is caused by disorders inside the brain and the basal ganglia. When the person with Parkinson’s disease is not using their muscles, or moving, this is when the uncontrolled movement or tremors start happening. Parkinson’s disease also causes a person to be slow in movements. They may understand and know exactly what it is that they want to do and how they want to move, but their disease prohibits them from doing so in a timely manner. Basically what Parkinson’s disease affects in a person is the control of their motor functions. There are tremors,

Parkinson disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterized mainly by physical and psychological disabilities. This disorder was named after James Parkinson, an English physician who first described it as shaking palsy in 1817 (Goetz, Factr, and Weiner, 2002). Jean- Martin Charcot, who was a French neurologist, then progressed and further refined the description of the disease and identified other clinical features of PD (Goetz, Factr, and Weiner, 2002). PD involves the loss of cells that produce the neurotransmitter dopamine in a part of the brain stem called the substansia nigra, which results in several signs and symptoms (Byrd, Marks, and Starr, 2000). It is manifested clinically by tremor,