Partial Agonist Examples

| 1. corticosteroid 2. bronchodilator 3. ACE inhibitor4. cholesterol 5. benzodiazepine 6. potassium sparing diuretic

There are three ways in which a drug can affect a neurotransmission, such its synthesis, storage, and release. An agonist drug that affects synthesis would monoamine oxidase inhibitors because they inhibit the breakdown of serotonin at the serotonin neural

Physiological Changes Due to Risperdal Hallucinations, delusions, paranoia, psychosis and thought disorder are all symptoms of Schizophrenia and people who suffer from these symptoms seek the treatment of atypical anti-psychotic medications. Those medicines include Risperidone (Risperdal), Clozapine (Clozaril) , Ziprasidone (Geodon) and Quetiapine(Seroquel). The purpose of these medications is to alleviate symptoms of Schizophrenia and lessen the chances of a recurrence. The basic function of Atypical Antipsychotics is to reduce the effects of blockage in the dopamine receptors and serotonin and allow communication between nerve cells. Dopamine is thought to be relevant in Schizophrenic symptoms and

Albuterol has affinity to β 2 receptors and binds to them, causing a relaxation effect. β2 receptors are members of the adrenergic family of receptors and therefore its effects are caused by an interaction with G proteins. β

Beta-2 Adrenergic Agonists Are Substrates and Inhibitors; Albuterol is a beta-adrenergic agonist called also sympathomimetic. It mimics the effect of sympathetic nervous systems.

Alpha-blockers or alpha-adrenergic antagonist drugs help to decrease blood pressure and dilate blood vessels, allowing for blood to move more freely.Alpha-blockers accomplish this by either limiting or inhibiting the affects of norepinephrine, a stimulant hormone of the sympathetic nervous system. The term norepinephrine or noradrenaline works to constrict the muscles that line the interior of small veins and arteries in the body (Mayo Clinic, 2014). There are two types of alpha-receptors that are affected by norepinephrine, alpha-1 and alpha-2 receptors.Alpha-1 receptors are found throughout the body in: male reproductive organs, eyes, bladder, prostatic capsule, and more importantly blood vessels.Alpha-2 receptors exist in presynaptic nerve terminals. By blocking noradrenaline affects on alpha-1 receptors coronary arteries and veins will remain open, allowing for increased blood flow and in turn lowering blood pressure (Aschenbrenner & Venable, 2012).

Adderall acts on the neurotransmitters norepinephrine and dopamine via metabotropic receptors, on which it is a full agonist, blocking binding of the neurotransmitters to the receptors. A little more detail on this area would be ideal, because it was unclear to me whether there is a norepinephrine system that has the effects, or if Adderall is simply affected norepinephrine in various different areas.

Mechanism: Although the exact mechanism of action is not known, ketamine appears to be an agonist at CNS muscarinic acetylcholine-receptors and opiate-receptors. Ketamine

Drugs that are depressants include Zyprexa, Seroquel and Haldol, are known as major tranquilizers or antipsychotics, they reduce the symptoms of mental illness. Some other depressants, such as Amytal, Numbutal and Seconal, are classed as barbiturate, which are used as sedatives and sleeping pills. Depressants have the effect of feelings of well-being, lowered inhibition, slowed thinking, slowed muscular activity,a distorted view of the world, or hallucinations Depressants act on the brain by affecting the neurotransmitter GABA. By increasing GABA and inhibit brain activity,they produce a drowsy or calming effect beneficial to those suffering from anxiety or sleep

What if a person’s car would not start if there was alcohol detected in the bloodstream anytime they tried to drive? Vehicle breathalyzers make this a reality. “Ignition interlocks installed in cars measure alcohol on the driver’s breath. Interlocks keep the car from starting if the driver has a BAC above a certain level, usually 0.02%. They’re used for people convicted of drunk driving and are highly effective at preventing repeat offenses while installed. Mandating interlocks for all offenders, including first-time offenders, will have the greatest impact.” (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention 1) Driving is a privilege, not a right. A drunk drivers car becomes a weapon. All vehicles should be equipped with a Breathalyzer in order to increase public safety by preventing drunk driving.

Benzodiazepine receptors are linked mainly to γ amino butyric acid (GABA) receptors, which sensitize benzodiazepine receptors to the neurotransmitter GABA, the most prominent inhibitory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system.

Endogenous opioids work together to modulate pain by activating different types of opioid receptors (μ, δ, κ, ORL1). In contrast, most exogenous opioids are primarily using μ receptors to dampen pain. T exogenous opioids will disproportionately activate feelings of euphoria and breathing by activating every μ receptor in the brain/spinal cord to successfully diminish the sensations of pain. There is a relationship between this disproportionate activation and our problems of addiction, dependence, and overdosing.

In any country, war is a matter of great distress and fear, but with the help of its people the country survives. How the citizens of a country at war do this is by supporting the war and ensuring that fellow citizens join the war effort. However, it is not as easy as it seems to get the citizens to support the war effort, so it is up to the government to persuade them. The government incorporates several techniques like propaganda posters and a sense of patriotic duty to implore citizens to volunteer, but the actualities of war are vastly different to why the war is being fought.

Karl Marx poses an argument in which religion is a manmade invention meant for their happiness and consolation in his Critique of Religious Belief. Marx details the various ways in which religion seems to be the foundation upon which humanity and all of mankind is based off of, and near the end of the passage, he criticizes mankind for drinking from the nectar of the imaginary flower of religion when they should be focusing on the reality that is man. This entire argument, consequently, begs the question of what this reality of human happiness Marx is talking about here. Marx has just completed fending off a counterargument off the necessity of religion by upholding this new standard of happiness. Yet if Marx is not able to explain this happiness

ii. Serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs) which you may have heard of as Pristiq, Cymbalta or Effexor, though they are a more recent addition to the antidepressants. Then we have,