Participant Extent Activity

The Wingate Anaerobic Test is used to evaluate anaerobic cycling performance. This study was undertaken to determine whether there is a relationship between peak power and fatigue index for endurance (n=9) vs power (n=4) athletes. A total of 13 subjects, including 8 males and 5 females, were included in the study. The subjects were divided into sporting types, such as endurance and power. Data collected from the Wingate test included peak power (W), mean power (W), time to peak (S), minimum power (W) and fatigue index (%). When the peak power and fatigue index were considered together for endurance athletes, a significant relationship

Four interval times (PR, RT, TP and RR) measured in seconds were recorded both with the subject at rest and after the subject had exercised. The PR and RT intervals remained virtually unchanged with the PR intervals remaining the same both before and after exercise with an interval time of 0.15 seconds, and the RT interval increase by 0.01 seconds from 0.37 at rest to 0.38 seconds after exercise. More substantial changes were noted in TP and RR intervals. The TP interval decreasing from 0.32 seconds at rest to just 0.08 seconds after exercise, a decrease of 0.24 seconds (just 25% of the resting 0.32 seconds). The RR interval decreased from 0.84 seconds at rest to 0.61 seconds seconds after exercise, a decrease of 0.23 seconds

1. Dependent Variable HR, SV, BP 2. Independent Variable level of activity 3. Controlled Variables age, gender

In this assignment I will be reviewing the different effects of exercise on the body system including the acute and long term using the pre-exercise, exercise and post-exercise physiological data which I collected based on interval and continuous training method. I will also be including the advantages and disadvantages of these, also the participants’ strengths and areas where they can improve on.

Being knowledgeable about the heart is very important, especially if one is an athlete. This experiment is significant, because it can tell us how important it is for one to keep their heart healthy. It will also tell us how playing a sport can benefit one’s health and the well being of their heart. Our hypothesis says, if the athleticism of a person increases, then the heart rate recovery time will decrease when heart rate recovery in a function of athleticism. The purpose of this project is to see which type of athlete, or non-athlete has the best heart function.

trained athletes will have a lower heart rate during this period of exercise. Recovery heart rates –

Regular exercise in the form of resistance training leads to numerous health benefits. Reduction in muscular atrophy with age (3) as well as improvement in diabetes 2 symptoms due to increased glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity (1) both result from regular resistance training. This type of exercise also lowers the risk of several cardiovascular diseases, likely through modulation of the autonomic nervous system of the heart (5). Autonomic regulation can be measured noninvasively through measurement of the variation in the time interval between heartbeats, termed heart rate variability (HRV) (5). HRV can be divided into high frequency power (HF), controlled by sympathetic stimulation, and low frequency power (LF), controlled by parasympathetic

The results of our experiment supports our hypothesis of female muscle strength fatiguing earlier than male muscle strength. However, these results are inconsistent with the current scientific findings involving sex difference and fatigue resistance. In Hunter, et al’s (4) experiment, they learned that women experience less fatigue compared to men when maintaining a contraction at the same relative intensity; the results point to how sex variance is not due to a difference in supraspinal fatigue (an aspect of central fatigue) in both sexes but rather because of a difference in the process of muscle contraction. An experiment, using electrical stimulation as opposed to voluntary activation of muscles, was conducted by Rob C. I. Wüst, et al (3)

Exercise not only enhances physical fitness and performance, but also has overall effects on wellness. Relations exist between physical activity and cardiorespiratory functions that show how physical inactivity can be a great risk for cardiovascular disease. Learning the specifics of these relations is thus crucial to one’s physiological health. As a result, it was hypothesized that at peak work intensity subjects who exercised regularly would have an increased minute expiratory volume (VE), cardiac output (CO), stroke volume (SV), and arteriovenous oxygen difference (a-v O2 diff) when compared to physically inactive subjects. Regularly exercising and sedentary individuals were separated into groups and made to ride a stationary bicycle (ergometer) until they reached exhaustion, and thus their maximum work intensity. Relevant respiratory and cardiovascular measurements were taken during and after this process for statistical comparisons through unpaired t-tests. Though positive trends that matched with the hypothesis were seen in all tested variables, no statistically significant differences were found between the two groups. These finding suggested no meaningful difference in the physiological functions tested between the physically active and inactive individuals in this study; the earlier hypothesis could not be supported. Explanations for these statistically non-significant results can be formed from the limitations of the study and further experiments to

The analysis of the results of the current study demonstrated a significant difference between mean change in pulse rate of subjects able to complete less than and greater than than 25 push ups (p < 0.05). The null hypothesis (H0) is rejected and the alternate hypothesis (Ha) retained. This suggests a correlation between aerobic and anaerobic fitness levels in completing high intensity exercise

For many years, the use of laboratory tests has been very prominent when researching the relationship between physiological variables and endurance training. However the results have fluctuated from study to study. This could be due to the use of different specific physiological variables but also due to the activity levels of the participants used.

For this particular lab, muscular strength, fatigue and endurance were measured by performing isometric forearm contractions. The purpose of this lab was to determine what happens to MVC during a muscle fatigue test and 4 “recovery” contractions; in addition, various differences between the generation of maximal force and the maintenance of MVC during the endurance test were also established among the subjects. Another reason for this lab was to examine the relationship between the subject characteristics, such as gender and training status, and their performance during both maximal force production and the endurance test. It is predicted that the results will show a decrease in MVC after the subject completes the muscle fatigue test as well as an increase in MVC during the recovery process. It is also anticipated that the male subjects will generate higher force values in comparison to the female participants due to increased muscle

The aim of this study is to compare the maximum number of push-ups achieved by tested individuals against their change in pulse rate measure before and after a moderate step-up exercise; and determine how the ability of anaerobic fitness influences aerobic exercise.

Participants were instructed to perform as many push-ups as they could, then after resting, their pulse rate was taken. Then they undertook a moderate step-up exercise for 4 minutes and their pulse rate was measured again. The maximum number of push-ups was recorded and these values were compared against the individuals’ change in pulse rate before and after the step-up exercise. Statistical significance was determined using a t-test.

I have furthered my knowledge in exercise physiology by reading journals and articles related to my interest of study. To gain a good practical understanding of exercise physiology, I volunteered to help my seniors, who are currently working as an exercise physiologist in the National Sports Institute of Malaysia. By assisting