Participatory Arts

As art slowly develops through the twentieth century, moving past voyeurism and historical art where it promotes passive spectatorial consumption, the role of the audience has evolved too. From the traditional historical passive visitor in perspective and panoptic spaces, art has gradually evolved into turning the spectator into an active contributor who not only engages with the work but also becomes the co-author in its creation and completion. Claire Bishop points out, “art must be directed against

80 is the new 40: Successful Aging through Participatory Arts Programming for Older Adults The United States is in the midst of a major demographic shift. People are living longer which means that the population of older adults, those sixty years and over, is growing. It is projected that by the year 2040, older adults will far outnumber school age children. Older adults are currently healthier and lead more productive lives than ever before, due in part to modern medicine and the new idea of

1. What features of American society seem most to trouble the authors of the Port Huron Statement? When writing the Port Huron Statement, its authors explicitly mentioned two key features of American society that they found troubling. First, they considered the presence of racism and overall bigotry in the American South as "…the permeating and victimizing fact of human degradation" (Foner 283). The authors acknowledged the presence of practices that essentially dehumanized African Americans

James C. Scott The art of resistance: Hidden transcripts explains the modes of discourse employed by the power holding groups of society. The public transcript describes the dominant groups policies and how the oppress groups feel about them. The difference in these two groups is the dominance that one places over the other in society. The oppress feel as if they don’t have power to act or change what the “powerful” dominant groups hold. The hidden transcripts are created from those who find themselves

analysis phase was excluded. In addition, challenges emerged in literature and correspondent suggestions will be listed and discussed. 2.4.2 Participatory Design From the literature, it can be seen that participatory design method is a common guideline for involving older people into design process [15, 18, 19, 24, 25]. Prompting can be a major benefit of participatory design. In Lindsay et al’s study, they used a video to prompt older people to talk about what the possible product could be in user requirement

and the Star Method. Some user-centered design approaches such as the participatory design and the star lifecycle, focus on including users in all phases of design. (Preece, Rogers, Sharp, Benyon, Holland, & Carey, 1994) In participatory design, users become members of the actual development team. In the star lifecycle, users get to evaluate each stage of development. (Lazar, 2011) So when using a lifecycle like the participatory design or the star lifecycle, users are very involved in the design of

II. The first dimension to Empowerment: the materialistic component The problem with categorising the poor in the context of participation is that the poor are often fragmented – geographically, economically and socially - and the preferences within the poor vary vastly (Emmett, 2000). Additionally, one must not forget the existing inequalities between the members within a community; one has to be cautious of the spatial politics of the poor. Hence, external actors (such as NGOs) must be careful

• Social awareness – our ability to understand the emotions of other people (what others are thinking and feeling) • Self-management – our ability to use awareness of our emotions to stay flexible and direct our behavior positively and constructively • Relationship management – our ability to use our awareness of our own emotions and those of others to manage interactions successfully. 6. Ability to change other 's perception by democratic means--Women must have that much capability to change or

Wattenburg 's book is one which discusses the many facets which encompas the issues found in several democracies where young people as a whole are failing to vote. The main thesis is placing voting in the province of the old and as a pattern not unique to Americans but found many democracies. I believe Wattenberg’s thesis is valid on multiple occasions although at times he may assume a bit much about how one variable may indicate other factors when it comes political participation of various groups

Ideas are beliefs and desires constructed in organized pattern with its creation, components and impact that define the political structure and bind the ruling authority in a set of complying characteristics of that idea. There are unexplained varieties of Ideas - great ideas, scientific and moral ideas, realist and fantastic ideas, political, economic or religious ideas. Democracy, power, freedom and rights, citizenship and protest, social justice and equality are all ideas based on which institutions