Patellar Dislocation Essay

A sprain typically occurs when people fall and land on an outstretched arm, slide into base, land on the side of their foot, or twist a knee with the foot planted firmly on the ground. This can result in an over stretch or tear of the ligaments supporting that joint.

The knee is a hinge joint which is needed for movement. The joint is made by the femur and the tibia, and also contains the patella which acts as a shield for the joint. In knees with osteoarthritis, the cartilage on the ends of the bones deteriorates, causing the bones to rub against each other. X-rays can be used for the diagnosis of osteoarthritis; the images would reveal damage and other changes related to osteoarthritis. With osteoarthritis of the knees, the patient would experience progressively increasing pain, stiffness, and they would

The first patient I witnessed was a 25 year old female. Pertinent patient medical history is anxiety, depression, and sleep dysfunction. The referring diagnosis is Chondromalacia of the right patella, which is also known as runner’s knee, is a condition where the cartilage on the undersurface of the kneecap deteriorates and softens. The physician who referred the patient, Victor N. Egwu, MD, orders the PT to evaluate and treat three times per week for four weeks. Right knee ROM and strengthening exercises should be done to treat patient. The PT evaluation justification history includes 1-2 person factors examination is addressing three or more elements. The clinical presentation is stable. The clinical decision-making is low co-morbidities.

Imaging tests will be done to check whether there is damage to blood vessels or nerves around your knee. This may include a test that involves injecting a special dye into your blood vessels and looking at the dye through a CT scan (angiogram). An MRI or Doppler ultrasound could also be done.

The common causes for a PCL tear is crashing your knee against the dashboard in a motor accident or falling on the knee when it's bent. Some of the main sports that can cause a PCL tear are, Football, Soccer, Baseball, and Skiing. The recommended treatment for a PCL tear is known as PRICE Protecting the knee from further injury, Resting the knee, Icing the knee with a ice pack for short times,Compressing the knee lightly, with a wrap, and Elevating the knee. A knee brace is also recommended(AAOS 2016).

Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome (PFPS) is a common disorder of the knee. Most patients present with complaints of stiffness or pain behind the patella. Physical Therapists and Physical Therapist Assistants use a variety of interventions to treat PFPS. Conservative interventions and treatments may include: muscle strengthening exercises, flexibility exercises, thermotherapy, cryotherapy, splinting, bracing, and Electrical Muscle Stimulation (Estem). Two additional PFPS interventions, mainly reserved for athletes, include Kinesio taping and McConnell taping. At first glance Kinesio taping and McConnell taping might appear to be the same thing. However, this is not the case, as they are two different types of tape applied using different techniques. In the article, “Effects of Kinesio

Many times, the physician will move the joint around and may have client preform range of motion to help analyze signs and symptoms. The physician will determine whether what testing would be best to get accurate diagnosis. An X-ray may be ordered to determine if there is any other difficulty with joint that may have same symptoms as ligament and meniscal injury. An MRI is more precise to determine if there is any further injury to ligament or menisci. Another test that may be done is arthroscopy. This is used to see inside the knee and can be used help trim or repair the injury/tear.

Patellofemoral syndrome, often called “runner’s knee”, is deep pain anterior to the patella usually caused by excessive running, especially downhill. This may be due to a multitude of abnormal biomechanics or tendencies. Although running is a common and popular exercise, the knee joint is an extremely mobile and unstable joint. And those who initially develop patellofemoral pain usually end up with chronic knee pain (Willy et al., 2012). The patella, only being held in place by ligaments and tendons, is easily manipulated by the pull of muscles attached to these ligaments and tendons. However, there are gender differences between males and females in how they each develop patellofemoral tracking and pain.

Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome (PFPS) is a term that is used when describing pain in the anterior knee and surrounding areas of the joint. PFPS is most prevalent in athletes, women, and young adults but can also occur in other populations as there are several factors that contribute to PFPS such as overuse injuries, which put a great amount of force and stress on the knee and can contribute to patellar misalignment. Activities such as jogging, squatting, and climbing stairs all put increased force on the knee joints. These repetitive motions and force can cause PFPS especially if the activity’s frequency, duration, or surfaces are changed. Skeletal misalignments between the hips, knees, and ankles or muscular imbalances/weakness can lead to abnormal

When an ACL tears it can be one of the most painful injuries and experiences an athlete can have in their sports career and is one of the worst muscles to be torn. ACL injuries most often occur during sporting events that involve sudden stops, jumping, awkward landings, “out of control play”, and sharp cuts- such as basketball, soccer, football, tennis, downhill skiing, volleyball, lacrosse, and gymnastics. When an injury to the ACL occurs, most people hear or feel a popping sensation in the knee.”I landed with my left knee locked, only to hear something akin to the popping of a paper bag filled with air or the snapping of a large rubber band, a sound so weirdly powerful that I couldn’t believe it was coming from inside my body”, said Mike Swift in his article about ACL tears in the Hartford Courant newspaper, as he describes how it felt when he tore his ACL playing basketball. Along with the popping sensation the knee may also swell, and feel unstable and become too painful to bear weight on it. When an ACL tears it can bring an extreme amount of pain to the person. “Still, even after the swelling subsided, my knee didn’t feel right”, also said by Mike Swift in his article. When an ACL tears it can either be really painful right then and there or you won’t even feel pain at all. “I had felt the bones separate inside the joint in a way they never had before. But I wasn’t

This paper is a review of rehabilitation for patellar dislocation. Patellar dislocation occurs when the patella slips out of the patellofemoral (trochlear) groove, most often laterally (Cheatham, Kolber, & Hanney, 2014; Enix, Sudkamp, & Scali, 2015). This can occur from direct trauma such as sudden mechanical forces exerted on the patella (Respizzi, & Cavallin, 2014; Duignan & McGibney et.al., 2016). The injury can also be the result of indirect trauma such as when the foot is fixed on the ground and biomechanical abnormalities of the lower leg come into effect (Respizzi & Cavallin et.al., 2014 et.al., 2014; Duignan & McGibney et.al., 2016). Lateral patellar dislocation primarily affects younger active populations (between 10 and 17 years old) and usually occurs due to injury during physical activity (Balcarek, Oberthür, Frosch, Schüttrumpf, & Stürmer 2014; Ménétrey, Putman, & Gard, 2014; Tsai, Hsu, Hung, & Hsu, 2012; Lehman, Beckman, & Craig, 1989; Calapodopulos, Nogueira, Eustáquio, Calapodopulos Júnior, & Rodrigues, 2016; Petri, 2015; Cheatham et.al., 2014; Enix et.al., 2015). 55%-72% of first-time patellar dislocations occur from sports (Tsai et.al., 2012; Petri et.al., 2015). Studies have also shown that women are more prone to patellar dislocations than men (Vitale, 2016; Tsai et.al., 2012; Duignan & McGibney, 2016; Calapodopulos, 2016; Cheatham et.al., 2014; Enix et.al., 2015). In a statistical analysis of sports medicine clinics, 30% of the patients had

S: TM works in PDI Alignment Pit 2. According to TM he was stepping up into the pit, and twisted to the left to form and felt knee pain. TM reports his Knee pain is 7/10 his pain is in his left anterior part of the knee.

Patellar fractures are rare in children because less than 2% occur in the immature skeleton. When they occur, more than half is sleeve type. Sleeve-type fractures occur almost exclusively in children. They are the result, in general, of direct trauma, excessive contraction of the extensor mechanism, or both. Indirect or combined traumas can also be the cause. Most involve the lower pole of the patella and may be difficult to see on a plain radiograph, especially when the avulsed bone fragment is small or absent. Adolescents are more susceptible, probably due to high intensity sports activity, the rapid osteochondral growth in the periphery of the patella, and to the relative instability of the patella. The peak incidence is 12.7 years. Boys

In the United States alone, 1.9 million Americans who undergone a limb amputation. The most common surgery is the below knee amputation with about half of lower-limb amputations being below limb amputations. Each year in the United States it is estimated that 185,000 amputations are executed. In 2012 3,475 of those amputees were located in the state of Tennessee. From the years 2001 to 2012 there were 42,941 amputations preformed in the state of Tennessee. While that number seems large, it only accounted for 2.5 percent of the amputation procedures that were done in the United States during these years. Because in the increase in education and training that surgeons and therapist undergo, most patients with below knee amputations are able to recover fully or get close to their previous levels of activity. Even with this amount of success and growth with this type of surgery, there is still a large range of patient’s success ranging from wheel chair bound to running and competing in

Ten measurement outcomes were collected. All the values are recorded in millimeter. All measurements were taken in coronal view to represent as anterior-posterior(AP) view in fluoroscope. Three difference reference methods were used to define coronal views (Figure1). 1) Defined as 90 degree to the true lateral view of distal femur. True lateral view of distal femur was defined as view which has completely superimposed of posterior aspects of the femoral condyles (PCT-AP). 2) Defined as coronal view of the knee which had patella in the center of distal femoral condyle (PIC-AP). 3) Defined as coronal view of the knee which had 50% overlapping of fibular head with tibia