Patellar Reflex Case Study

throughout her lower extremities bilaterally. She has 2+ knee and angle jerks bilaterally. Straight leg raising is accomplished at 90° on the left, however on the right patient complains of low back and leg pain at 60°.

Patellar dislocation is the process of the patella slipping out of the patellofemoral groove. On average, 5.8 out of every 100,000 people have patellar dislocation (Malanga, 2014). There are many ways in which patellar dislocation can occur; the four major dislocations are lateral, horizontal, vertical, and intercondylar. These four major dislocations cause individuals to often have extreme pain and often describe the pain being “inside the knee cap” (Dath, 2006, p. 6). Overall, individuals with this injury, a patient is going to need 6-8 weeks to recover from this injury and then perform physical therapy.

Physical therapy saw the patient, and the result of the examination are as follows; 6/10 left knee pain at rest and during activity (0 no pain, 10 worst pain), manual muscle testing for both upper and lower extremities were 4/5 except left knee flexion/extension 3+/5 due to pain, sensation on both UE/LE were intact to light touch, Stephen requires a moderate assistance of one person for both functional mobility and gait activity. He uses a front wheeled walker up to 35 feet due to decreased balance and antalgic gait from the left knee

Examination of the right knee reveals pain to palpation over the iliotibial band with intermittent clicking over the lateral femoral epicondyle. He continues to exhibit an altered gait without a gait aid. Biomechanics of gait are altered in the right lower

The DDS proposes a fully favorable allowance for this claimant with an EOD of 07/01/2013. The evidence in file supports a later onset date.

Patellar Tracking Disorder (PTD) is characterized as "an imbalance in the knee area that causes the kneecap to shift out of place as the leg moves". It feels as if your knee bones are grinding together and could give out any second. I began to develop PTD when I was twelve years old, the summer after my last gold

Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome (PFPS) is a common disorder of the knee. Most patients present with complaints of stiffness or pain behind the patella. Physical Therapists and Physical Therapist Assistants use a variety of interventions to treat PFPS. Conservative interventions and treatments may include: muscle strengthening exercises, flexibility exercises, thermotherapy, cryotherapy, splinting, bracing, and Electrical Muscle Stimulation (Estem). Two additional PFPS interventions, mainly reserved for athletes, include Kinesio taping and McConnell taping. At first glance Kinesio taping and McConnell taping might appear to be the same thing. However, this is not the case, as they are two different types of tape applied using different techniques. In the article, “Effects of Kinesio

Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome (PFPS) is a term that is used when describing pain in the anterior knee and surrounding areas of the joint. PFPS is most prevalent in athletes, women, and young adults but can also occur in other populations as there are several factors that contribute to PFPS such as overuse injuries, which put a great amount of force and stress on the knee and can contribute to patellar misalignment. Activities such as jogging, squatting, and climbing stairs all put increased force on the knee joints. These repetitive motions and force can cause PFPS especially if the activity’s frequency, duration, or surfaces are changed. Skeletal misalignments between the hips, knees, and ankles or muscular imbalances/weakness can lead to abnormal

Reduced muscle strength in the leg, because the leg muscles will be less able to absorb the stress on the knee.

The pain does not go distal past the knee. Her physician also noted that Susan has unimpaired reflexes, normal disc-shaped anatomy, an attenuation of the reflex at the knee, and shows no sign of bladder or bowel incontinence. Based on these results and symptoms a final diagnoses can be made.

The knee joint is formed by the articulation of the distal end of the femur and the proximal end of the tibia. The fibula is only involved to the extent that it serves as an attachment site for connective tissue. In this paper, the anatomy of the joint will be discussed.

B. He is not recovering. Over a one month period his reflexes have completely diminished.

S: ACCORDING TO TM HE PULLED UP TO AC LEAK TO CHECK UNDER HOOD UPON GETTING OUT OF THE AR HE EXPERIENCE THE PAIN IN HEIS PAIN IN HIS LEFT LATERAL KNEE AND THE HEAP AREA TM DENIES PREVIOUSE INJURY TO THE LOCAION. AT REST PAIN WAS 0/10 WITH ADDUCTION OF HIS LEFT FOOT THE PAIN WAS 5 TO 6 /10 IN HIS LATERAL KNEE.

Damage or injury to the dorsiflexor muscles (tibialis anterior, extensor hallucis longus, extensor digitorum longus) or along the neural pathway that controls the dorsiflexor muscles can lead to "foot drop". For instance, the peroneal nerve controls the dorsiflexor muscles that lift the foot which runs near the surface of the skin on the lateral side of the knee. The funiculi of the peroneal nerve are larger and have less connective tissue than the tibial nerve. Hence, making the peroneal nerve more susceptible to injury/trauma. Foot drop is typically caused by a pathology affecting the LMN (Lower Motor Neurons), usually due to a conduction disorder from the deep peroneal nerve (L4-L5). The most common cause of foot drop is L4-L5 radiculopathy,

One subject was used, and was seated in the same position for each of the three tests performed. Because the patellar reflex is immediate, a video was taken during each tap with the hammer to visually compare the strength differences for each influence that was put into effect. This provided a steady, unwavering result with the option of repeated viewing for the conclusion of the experiment. After all three stages of the experiment were completed, the videos were reviewed for comparison between the baseline reflex and the three changing factors, along with any discrepancies and problematic areas that may have altered the results. The strength of the reflex was recorded as either equal to, more vigorous than, or less vigorous than the baseline reflex and the results were put into a simple chart.