Pathophysiology Of Autism

Autism is the main form of autism spectrum disorders (ASD). Autism is a developmental disorder that is manifested in problems with communication, impairment of social functioning, and repetitive behaviours. According to the fifth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-V), ASD diagnoses must meet four different areas of criteria. There are three symptoms of "deficits in social communication and interaction across contexts," four symptoms of "restricted, repetitive patterns of behaviour, interests, or activities," "symptoms must be present in early childhood," and the symptoms must "together limit and impair everyday functioning" (Carpenter, 2013). There are many theoretical positions on the causes of autism spectrum disorders. Some of which have been discounted by empirical studies that have been researched and performed.

which means there is not just one type of autism but there are several. Because this disease is widespread, not everyone with autism carry the same symptoms. Someone with ASD can dev

Through the screening and diagnostic process used to determine your child’s diagnosis, you might have heard and been a bit overwhelmed with many new terms. Autism spectrum disorder has many terms used to describe treatments, services, scenarios, and more. There are many resources available to you such as books, research articles, websites, and more. Unfortunately, weeding through them can be a daunting and overwhelming process. We hope to clarify some of these terms and help you understand the options available for you and your child. We have put

Autism, also referred to as autistic disorder, is a childhood disintegrative disorder, or pervasive developmental disorder. Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and autism are terms used for a group of disorders of brain development, with symptoms that some times appear during the first three years of childhood and progress throughout life. These disorders are categorized in different degrees, by difficulties in social interaction (verbal and nonverbal communication), and by repetitive behaviors. Autism is an extremely incapacitating developmental disorder. Autism has been recognized as distinct subtypes including autistic disorder, childhood disintegrative disorder, pervasive developmental disorder, and Asperger syndrome. Now all autism disorders

Autism Spectrum Disorder is steadily increasing at a large rate. Understanding the disorder and its manifestations, prevalence, research and assessment strategies will provide us with the knowledge to accurately diagnoses and assess based on the DSM-5.

Numerous studies have been conducted on the diagnostic features and potential definitions of autism, and the accompanying developmental, social and behavioral deficits found in individuals diagnosed with autism. The various editions of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (5th ed.; DSM-5; American Psychiatric Association, 2013) have changed in their definitions and diagnostic criteria of autism over time. In past editions, Autistic Disorder, Asperger’s Disorder and Pervasive Developmental Disorder were listed as separate disorders. However, in the DSM-5, which is the current edition of the DSM, Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is the name of the disorder that encompasses the diagnostic features and definitions of those three neurodevelopmental disorders. Individuals previously diagnosed with any of those three disorders are now to be given the diagnosis of ASD. The definition and diagnostic criteria of autism and other neurodevelopmental disorders have changed so much over time because screening and diagnosing autism is very difficult for a number of reasons, which will be more thoroughly discussed in this paper. This paper will examine the diagnostic criteria, prevalence and risk factors, most effective forms of treatment and intervention, and life impacts on individuals and families of Autism Spectrum Disorder through the review of the DSM-5 and several peer-reviewed journal articles.

Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), is the umbrella diagnosis for all disorders ranging from Asperger’s to autism itself. There are varying degrees of autism, and people can describe this as being “on the spectrum”. Autism is a mental disorder that is characterized by difficulty in both communication and with forming relationships with peers (Autism Speaks). Researchers believe that before the pattern of symptoms now known as autism existed within societies, people did exist with this disorder but were instead classified as mentally retarded and deemed insane (Bettelheim). Autism itself was not named a disorder until around the year of 1943 by Leo Kanner when he published a paper describing how he had noticed a certain pattern of symptoms within children who had previously been diagnosed as either disturbed or mentally insane

Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a relatively new diagnoses within the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual for Mental Disorders fifth edition (DSM-5) created by the American Psychiatric Association (APA). ASD is a combination of multiple disorders that were deemed to have similar criteria and therefor too difficult to adequately give different diagnoses. The original discovery and diagnostic criteria for autism was by Leo Kanner around 1943 and remained unchallenged for the next two decades (Verhoeff, 2013, p. 449). Since then the topic has received a large increase in research on etiology and significant changes of the

Autism Spectrum Disorder is a neurodevelopment disorder that affects people as young as infancy that can become more evident throughout their childhood. The word Spectrum refers to a wide range of disorders that are closely related through similar symptoms, as it will be explained later in this paper. The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders also known as the DSM-5 diagnostic manual, updated the types of disorders listed as: Autistic Disorder, Rett 's Disorder, Asperger’s Disorder, Childhood Disintegrative Disorder and Pervasive Developmental Disorder also known as PDD-NOS. These types of Autistic disorders have affected over 3 million individuals in the U.S and

Revisions have been made to the Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) between DSM- IV and DSM- V. Many of those who met the different benchmarks for the DSM IV didn’t meet it when the DSM-V was published. In the DSM-IV there were three different areas that can be diagnosed within the ASD spectrum; Autistic Disorder, Asperger’s Disorder and Pervasive Developmental Disorder (Gibbs et al., 2012). Certain symptoms were to be diagnosed the minimum features were at least 6 in the 3 distinct areas two being from social interaction, one in communication area, the other being abnormality (Gibbs et al., 2012)

“Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and autism are both general terms for a group of complex disorders of brain development.” Those with autism may have a number of difficulties such as in social interactions, verbal and nonverbal communication, and repetitive behaviors. It is a severe neurodevelopmental disorder with impairments that have lifelong consequences. This paper will discuss how it is found in people, what the effects are, the levels of autism, and how you can help those with autism.

Primarily, information on Autism as found on ProQuest database states that Autism was recorded for the first time in 1798, coined as a term in 1912, and classified as a distinct diagnostic category in the DSM-III in 1980. Originally, this disorder coincided with the symptoms of schizophrenia, including extreme unresponsiveness towards other people, severe communication deficits, and repetitive behaviors. However, the 20th century diagnosis changed to divide Autism and Schizophrenia into separate disorders as other symptoms emerged, such as language delays, desiring isolation, and relating only to objects at selective times. Over the years, the name has remained unaltered. As found in Chapter 14 of our textbook,

Over the years Autism has become a widely known childhood disease that continues into adulthood. Autism first was a disease classified as “developmental retardation” in the 1887, it wasn’t until Dr. Leo Kanner’s study in 1943 that the foundation was built for autism as we know it today. Now autism is diagnosis that has become too familiar throughout the United States, affecting one in every sixty-eight children. Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a group of developmental disorders that range between various symptoms, skills, and levels of disability. Some disorders that fall under different types of ASD is: autistic disorder, Asperger’s syndrome, and pervasive developmental disorder. Few people understand what it means to have autism or the

This paper will discuss the characteristics or Autism Spectrum Disorder, including its symptoms, treatments, and possible causes. This paper will also highlight the differences between Autism Spectrum Disorder(ASD) and Asperger Disorder(AD). Autism spectrum disorders effect one in 110 births in the United States. Autism spectrum disorders are severe, incurable developmental disorders whose symptoms, including impairments in social interaction and communication, emerge during the first two years of life. Asperger disorder distinguishes from Autistic disorder because its presence may not become clear until primary school, when its social and behavioral effects become problematic.

ASD and Autism are both general terms for a group of complex disorders of brain development (What Is Autism, n.d.). Prior to 2013, patients could be diagnosed under Autistic Disorder (AD), Pervasive Developmental Disorder (PDD), Asperger’s Syndrome (AS) or Childhood Disintegrative Disorder (CDD). In 2013, the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5) merged all Autism Disorders under one umbrella termed ASD so that it will improve the diagnosis of ASD without limiting the sensitivity of the criteria or substantially changing the number of children being diagnosed. (American Psychiatric Association, 2013).