Pathophysiology Of Schizophrenia Essay

Schizophrenia is a disorder that is characterized by a broken thought process and poor emotional responses. Typical symptoms of this disorder include delusions, paranoia, hallucinations, social dysfunctions,

Schizophrenia is a mental disorder often characterized by abnormal social behaviour and failure to recognize what is real. Common symptoms include false beliefs, unclear or confused thinking, auditory hallucinations, reduced social engagement and emotional expression, and inactivity. A person with schizophrenia often hears voices, experiences delusions and hallucinations and may believe thoughts, feelings and actions are controlled or shared by someone else.

The term ‘schizophrenia' covers a group of serious psychotic disorders characterised by a loss of contact with reality. It comes from two Greek words: schiz meaning ‘split' and phren meaning ‘mind'. DSM IV (1994) estimate that the occurrence rate of schizophrenia ranges from 0.2%-2.0% worldwide. There are two main explanations of schizophrenia: the biological explanations and the psychological explanations. In this essay I will critically consider the biological explanations. These include genetics, neurochemistry, brain structure and evolution.

It is a cluster of disorders characterized by disorganized and delusional thinking, disturbed perceptions and inappropriate emotions and behaviors. The clusters of schizophrenia can present as positive or negative symptoms. The positive symptom patients experience hallucinations, talk in disorganized and deluded way and exhibit inappropriate tears or rage. Those with negative symptoms have toneless voices, expressionless faces, or mute and rigid bodies. Schizophrenia has subtypes within it: paranoia (preoccupation with delusions or hallucinations these often have themes of persecution or grandiosity), disorganization (disorganized speech or behavior, or flat/inappropriate behavior), catatonia (immobility, extreme negativity, or repeating another person’s speech or movement), undifferentiated (many and varied symptoms), and residual (withdrawal after hallucinations or delusions have disappeared). Studies have shown that people who suffer from schizophrenia have excess receptors of dopamine in the brain hinting that the symptoms might have biochemical roots. They also have abnormal brain activity in multiple brain

Schizophrenia is characterized as a psychotic disease that dramatically affects one 's nervous system to a point of where every day basic functions can be inhibited. It is defined as the loss of contact with the external environment the person is in due to delusional thoughts and hallucinations. Perception and behavior of someone plagued with this disease is notably altered and their actions can become a concern of the people around them. Like many other diseases that affect the nervous system it is not curable at the current time but it can be treated to lessen the signs and symptoms of the disease.

The symptoms of schizophrenia vary, however, they have been categorized as positive, negative, and cognitive symptoms. Positive symptoms may include hallucinations, delusions, and / or thought disorder. Hallucinations normally give a false perception of touch, smell, taste, and / or visit, those with this particular mental disorder often experience auditory hallucinations. Delusions are also a sign of schizophrenia. Open quotations delusions are beliefs that are not part of the person's culture and do not change. Quotation parentheses u.s. Department, print the seas, 2010. These may cause a person that has this disorder, to think or feel as if they are victims in imagine conspiracy. It is also shown that they believe they are being controlled

Over the last few decades Schizophrenia has become embedded in mainstream vernacular as any behavior or emotional response that is out of touch with reality. However even with its popularity heightened through movies and headline news stories, schizophrenia is still one of the most enigmatic and least understood disorders of the brain. With current research focused on the role of neurobiology and functioning on a cellular level, investigative analysis has merited new innovations towards its source, however a single organic cause for the disorder still eludes scientists. Although the foundation of the affliction is still unknown, its effects are well documented and over the next few pages will show the changes in the brain as the disease

Additional, inferences about the disorder are provided by Whitcomb and Merrell (2013). The authors characterize the symptoms of schizophrenia as delusions that are “typically bizarre and implausible” and pronounced hallucinations such as hearing voices for long periods of time (p. 363). Additional, impairments noted by the authors include “severe disturbances in perception, thought and affect, a severe decline in personal and social functioning, poor personal hygiene, inability to function effectively at school or work, and a severe impairment in social relationships” (Whitcomb and Merrell, 2013 p.363).

This paper defines schizophrenia from a biological and psychological perspective and also provides treatment to help combat symptoms of schizophrenia. This paper has three important contributions. First, by defining and expanding on schizophrenia from a biological perspective, I can identify the nature related predispositions. After expanding from a biological approach, secondly, I will analyze schizophrenia from a psychological aspect by determining if there is any environment or nurturing externals that can result to schizophrenia. Lastly, I will provide treatment details and also reveal early signs to schizophrenia. This paper is important because schizophrenia is an epic mental disease and it is crucially important to bring awareness to the public of how we can limit the illness. It is unclear whether schizophrenia have only a biological background or psychological background, but what was discovered is that both contribute to schizophrenia. Positive and negative treatment can be combatted undergoing pharmaceutical and psychotherapy,

Two Biological Explanations of Schizophrenia There are many biological explanations of schizophrenia. In this essay I will concentrate on the genetic explanation and biochemical explanation of the disorder. There are many studies that look in to genetics and the link to schizophrenia. This is dues to an original finding that schizophrenia runs in families and therefore suggests that genes are responsible for the disorder.

Schizophrenia is an illness that affects an estimated 3.2 million people in America alone (Nemade). Often, people have scattered reactions when they hear the word “schizophrenia.” Some may associate this word with uncontrollable actions that could potentially cause harm to those around them. People may think of serial killers, rapists, or any form of negative archetype seen in the media. According to the DSM-5 (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders), schizophrenia is diagnosed if the patient experiences delusions, hallucinations, and/or disorganized speech for more than a month. Delusions include, but are not limited to, the belief you are going to be harassed or harmed, belief environmental cues are directed at oneself, belief

Schizophrenia has many biological components but genetics and environmental are the main two that will be spoken. Psychologists are looking to see if this mental illness is genetic by looking at the family history. By looking at the family’s ancestry, it can help find the origin of the mental illness at least in the person’s family tree. It also suggests that it’s a “highly heritable disorder of neurodevelopment, where the development and expression of positive or psychotic symptoms are best viewed as signifying the outcome of a pathobiological cascade which originates in early brain development.”(Paula et al., 2016). Meaning that schizophrenia is very likely to be genetic because of the way their brain is developed as a child which goes on

Schizophrenia is a disorder of the brain that disrupts the capacity to correctly discern reality. It also distorts an individual’s thought processes, emotions, ability to communicate and social behavior (Varcarolis & Halter, 2014). The aim of this paper is to examine the relationships between the pathophysiology, pharmacology, and physical assessment findings of this disease.

Schizophrenia is a mental illness that affects you mind and thoughts. It can affect the way we live our lives. 1 in a 100 people have schizophrenia, it’s a very common illness.

In the central nervous system, neurons and glial cells release exosomes. The content of the exosomes varies depending on the disorder and also on the different phases/severity of the particular disorder. This identification is also important to understand the pathophysiology of the disorder and help in development of new treatment methods. Since exosomes carry signature contents related to the disorder, they are currently considered as potential biomarkers.