Patient Education Plan for Uterine Fibroids

Mishel’s Uncertainty of Illness Theory is a middle-range theory (Black, 2014). This means the theory is not overly broad or narrow. The theory was developed from studying men with prostate cancer who were watchfully waiting for the advancing signs of their disease (Black, 2014). The theory has three main components, which incorporate: the antecedents of uncertainty, impaired cognitive appraisal, and coping with uncertainty in illness (Neville, 2003). The antecedents of Mishel’s theory are the stimulus frame, cognitive capacities and event congruence (Neville, 2003). The stimulus frame concerns three parts including: symptom pattern, event familiarity and event congruency (Neville, 2003). Symptom pattern may be when symptoms of

Acknowledging how the patient perceives illness and health, helps in understanding the beliefs and how they relate with preventing

Arthur Kelinman developed the explanatory model of illness which incorporates a series of questions that is unique to a patient’s illness to develop a treatment plan. This model assesses how patient illnesses are associated with the environment and the culture around them, while also “seeking the how, why, what, when, where, and what next of illness, disease, and health experience” (“Explanatory Model”). Asking the patient what is their opinion on what caused their illness and how they believe it should be treated will help identify their beliefs and help when planning an intervention.

Endometriosis is an abnormal growth of endometrial cells it is most commonly found in the organs of the pelvis. Endometrial tissue is shed during each month during menstruation. Rarely endometriosis can occur outside of the pelvis. The surrounding tissue can become irritated and eventually be scrapping scar tissue and adhesions. Bands of fibrous tissue can cause tissues and organs stick to each other. Though the exact cause has never been identified, endometriosis is more common in women who experience infertility than in fertile women. There might be a couple of explanations such to why endometriosis occurs such as retrograde menstruation. Retrograde menstruation is blood that contains endometrial cells that flow back through the fallopian tubes and also into the pelvic cavity

According to Glanz, Rimer, and Viswanath (2008) the Health Belief Model attempts to explain why people do or do not engage in specific health behaviors such as taking action to prevent, screen for, or to control illness conditions through concepts including susceptibility, seriousness, benefits and barriers to a behavior, cues to action, and self-efficacy. Perceived susceptibility is defined as a person’s beliefs about the likelihood of getting a disease or condition. Perceived severity is defined as a person’s feelings about the seriousness of contracting an illness or of leaving it untreated. Perceived benefits are described as influencing whether a person’s perceived susceptibility will lead to behavior change. Perceived Barriers are described as

With her, not having support, she has no other option but to listen to her husband who is her physician and he beliefs he

Fibroids are becoming more and more common in women in the United States. It is estimated that 171 million women in the U.S. were affected by this condition in 2013(6). About 20% to 80% of women develop fibroids by age 50 (6). As many as three out of four women may have uterine fibroids in her lifetime (4). Fibroids, also known as uterine leiomyoma, are benign tumors that can be found in women of childbearing age due to its dependence on estrogen and progesterone (7). They are made of muscle cells and other tissues that can grow around or in the uterus or womb. With fibroids, a single cell divides repeatedly, eventually creating a firm, rubbery mass distinct from nearby tissue (2). Some fibroids even go through growth spurts where they grow and shrink on their by itself. There are women with fibroids who have no symptoms at all. If they do, it may consist of heavy or painful periods, frequent

She reports a history of back pain, ovarian cysts excision, and breast tumor. She denies chest pain, shortness of breath, or palpitations. Patient reports that her immunizations and preventive care are up to

She has concerns about her health, recently she coughed up blood. Her appointment with Dr. Riccio is today at 3pm. The writer spoke to her about obtaining a primary care doctor. She is interested in having a medical doctor locally. The writer spoke to her about Susan Daniels who is accepting new patients and will assist her with understanding hep b and hep c and may make a referral if needed. Her appointment is the 21st of February at 10:00 am. The writer spoke to her about speaking to a therapist since her therapist in Moorhead cancels. She did mentioned she will stay with Dr. Fennell and will travel to Morehead every three months to see her children and grandchildren.

V.S described her present health as “good” and described her definition of health as “an absence or control of illnesses and disease.” Her immunizations are all up to date. V.S exclaimed that she is “self-sufficient” and plans to remain that way for “a long time.” Although she is satisfied with her present health state, she conceded that “there is always room for improvement with diet and exercise.” V.S said that she smoked “heavily for 40+ years.” She quit after being diagnosed with lung cancer in 2015, and proudly declared that she hasn’t smoked

Uterine leiomyoma also known as uterine fibroids are non-cancerous tumors in women during childbearing age. The tumors come from smooth muscle cells of the myometrium within the uterus that changes in size and cellular properties during the reproductive years of a woman. The change in size and cellular property with hypertrophy of the smooth muscle cells normally happen during pregnancy and also occur with uterine fibroids. The development of the tumors is dependent upon estrogen and progesterone and interaction with growth factors, cytokines and extracellular matrix components (Taylor, Holthouser,

Mishel’s (1988) Uncertainty in Illness theory is a mid-range nursing theory that examines how uncertainty can affect patients. In addition, Mishel’s theory identifies causes of uncertainty that negatively or positively affect the patient. If an individual is spiraling down a known path of illness, they may perceive uncertainty as a benefit. However, illness uncertainty causes breakdowns, fear of the illness, emotional distress, loss of control, and inappropriate coping methods (Mishel 1988). These conditions if left untreated will lead to patients that are unable to form cognitive structures for illness related events, develop improper psychological adjustments, poor decision-making, and traumatic stress responses (Mishel 1988). Along with

Endometriosis affects 10% of reproductive-age women (Yale School of Medicine). It affects nearly 176 million women, ranging from 15-49, all over the world (World Endometriosis, 2011). “Endometriosis is an often painful disorder in which tissue that normally lines the inside of your uterus — the endometrium — grows outside your uterus (endometrial implant) (Mayo Clinic, 2013)” It most commonly involves your ovaries and the lining of the pelvis, but in extreme cases can spread to other parts of the body. The displaced tissue continues to act like it normally would in the uterus, thickening and breaking down with each menstrual cycle. Since the displaced tissue has nowhere to go, it becomes trapped with no way to get out (Mayo Clinic, 2013).

Conventional medicine's respond to fibroid tumors is quite often a hysterectomy or any other type of surgery and medications - none which often guarantees that fibroids will never return. Nature, in contrast, can shrink or eliminate uterine fibroid tumors by addressing their source cause and utilizing remedies which create a setting in which fibroids are not

Uterine Fibroids are non-cancerous growths that develops in the myometrium layer of the uterus. A single cell divides repeatedly, eventually creating a firm, rubbery mass distinct from nearby tissue (EA, 2013). There are different types of growth patterns to uterine fibroids. Sometimes they are small and in some cases they are extremely large. Woman between the ages of 30-and 40 years old are more at risk of developing uterine fibroids. They develop mostly in the child bearing years of a woman’s life. African American women have a greater risk of developing uterine fibroids at a younger age than any other race. Uterine fibroids are also called leiomyomas or myomas. Uterine Fibroids can develop on the inside or outside of the uterus.