Patients With Pancreatic And The Prognosis Of Lung Cancer Patients

There are many forms of cancer. Breast Cancer, Lung Cancer, Leukemia, and Brain Cancer just to name a few, but the one I am bringing attention to in this essay is Pancreatic Cancer. Pancreatic Cancer is a very aggressive form of cancer and it has many risky factors. Many people do not know those risky factors important information dealing with Pancreatic Cancer and I will explain a few of those important things in this essay. The American Cancer Society and the Cancer Treatment Centers of America gave me a lot of information to help write about this topic.

The doctor may also take a blood test to determine if the jaundice is due to pancreatic cancer or liver disease. (Panno) Once the patient is diagnosed with pancreatic cancer, they can choose from different treatment plans. When determining the person’s treatment plan, they take consider their age and expected lifespan, other serious health conditions, the stage of the cancer, if surgery can remove cancer, likelihood of curing the cancer, and how the person feels about side effects. For many patients, the part that most important is the controlling of pain. Some treatments for the cancer include surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy and other drugs. (Treating) Treating pancreatic cancer is very difficult due to the dense outer shell around the pancreatic tumor and nearly impossible to penetrate with cancer-killing drugs. “Wall is so tough that clinical trials with medications that are experimental designed to breach barrier had to be abandoned mainstream, drug so harsh they sicken already ailing patients,” said Doctor Abram Handly-Santana, a researcher who specializes in pancreatic cancer. (Ricks) Even though treating pancreatic cancer is difficult, some doctor decide to perform surgery to determine if the tumor is removeable and to determine the staging of the cancer to prescribe the best treatment. (Panno) The best

Tobacco: Smoking is one of the most important risk factors for pancreatic cancer. The risk of getting pancreatic cancer is almost the twice as high among smokers compared

According to a paper published by the Center for Diseases and Control, Lung Cancer has the highest mortality rate in the US than any other cancer type. In 2011, about 156,953 people died from the disease as about 207,000 cases of ailing lung cancer patients were diagnosed that year. This number is set to see an increase over the years if adequate care in research is not given .Song described Lung cancer, as Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC) and Small Cell Lung Cancer (SCLC) with the former being responsible for about 85% of diagnosis cases and deaths reported each year. The most common types of NSCLC include adenocarcinomas, large cell carcinomas, and squamous cell carcinomas and as expected, most of these NSCLC types are related to smoking. However, adenocarcinomas have been found in patients who never smoked. Common but inadequate ways of NSCLC treatment include surgery, radiation therapy , and chemotherapy (Witschi , 2001) but the most effective form of NSCLC treatment has been known to be targeted therapies (Nguyen et al. , 2011) . This research invention has taken cancer treatment to another level because of the specificity of the drug inhibitors used to target carcinomas, or protein kinases that involve in pathways of the cancer. Adequate research has led to efficient modifications to use of targeted-therapies for specific fusion genes that code for oncogenes and kinesin genes i.e the Kinesin Family 5B gene and the RET (Rearranged during Transcription). Song also

Lung cancer occurs due to cells in a person’s lungs that multiple at a rapid pace, which form a malignant tumor. These tumors in the lungs take away important necessities such as oxygen, and nutrients; diminishes the ability of the tissue to properly function. One of the most type of common lung cancers is Adenocarcinoma, which make up to forty percent of these cases. Smoking is the primary reason for Americans to be diagnosed with lung cancer, with a cigarette containing more than 4,000 chemicals that have permanent damage to the lungs causing long term effects (Conrad 2016).

Lung cancer is one of the leading causes of death not only in the United States of America but globally.1 According to the World Health Organization 8.2 million deaths in 2012 were cancer related and of those deaths, 1.59 million were due specifically to lung cancer.2 In 2014, there was a staggering 224,210 new reported cases of lung cancer in the United States alone. The 5-year relative survival has a 49% to 2% variability depending on the type of lung cancer, stage, and location. The two major types of lung cancer are Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCL), which consists of 85% lung cancers, and small cell lung cancer (SCLC), which makes up the other 15% of lung cancers. NSCL is an epithelial lung cancer that is histologically comprised of adenocarcinoma, large cell carcinoma, and squamous cell carcinoma.1 Both NSCL and SCLC are insidious in nature and the presentation will usually be vague or nonspecific and include the following symptoms: cough, shortness of breath, fatigue, weight loss, recurrent infections, coughing up blood, hoarseness, and wheezing.

The survival advantage for those who stopped smoking was adjusted for demographics, disease stage and other health characteristics.” (science daily). 90-95% of lung cancers diagnosed are found in the lungs because of the epithelial cells (medicine.net). Lung cancer is the most leading death in the US and the world (medicine.net). There are many ways to prevent lung cancer, some ways are as follows: reduce/quit smoking; cigarettes have over 600 chemical ingredients and when lit, over 4000 chemicals are released into your body. After two to four months of being diagnosed with SCLC, more than half of the patients die (medicine.net). However, after 5 years of diagnosis, patients survival rate is down to 5-10% (medicine.net). NSCLC has the best survival rate at 75% after 5 years (medicine.net). The reason why the survival rate is so high for NSCLC is because the lung can be treated upon with different procedures and the cancer spreads slowly throughout the body. “The overall prognosis for lung cancer is poor when compared with some other cancers. Survival rates for lung cancer are generally lower than those for most cancers, with an overall five-year survival rate for lung cancer of about 17% compared to 67% for colon cancer, 90% for breast cancer, 81% for bladder cancer, and over 99% for prostate cancer.”

Ms. BH is a 70 year old female with a history of recently diagnosed pancreatic adenocarcinoma with hepatic lesions, multifocal PEs s/p IVC filter placement on lovenox, and HTN who presents with persistent nausea and vomiting.

80 years old and with a history of smoking. Other factors for development of pancreatic cancer

the location of the tumor at any given instance during the treatment cycle was based on

Pancreatic cancer is an extremely aggressive tumor and its management remains an intricate challenge in oncology. Despite significant improvements in the field of cancer-related mortality, the progress in pancreatic cancer remains largely dismal. With one of the highest mortality-to-incidence rate ratios, it is the third most common gastrointestinal malignancy and the fourth leading cause of cancer-related death in the western world. Early and frequent metastatic dissemination at diagnosis (40-50%) coupled with resistance to systemic therapies and ineffective local control explains the high mortality rate associated with the disease. Currently, margin-negative surgical resection offers the only means of cure but unfortunately, only 10% to 15%

Lung cancer is a kind of cancer that begins in the lungs. Lungs are the spongy organs in the chest that are responsible for taking in oxygen when one inhales and releases carbon dioxide when one exhales. Lung cancer is the principal causation of cancer related deaths in the United States, amongst both women and men. It claims more lives annually than does breasts, ovarian, prostate and colon cancers, all combined. People that smoke have the highest chances of suffering this ailment. The risk of this form of cancer increases with the number of cigarettes one smokes and the duration that one smokes. Lung cancer causes the demise of more than one million people worldwide

Pancreatic cancer (PC) remains one of the most aggressive and devastating malignancies with overall five years survival probability less than 7% for all stages combined. It is the fourth leading cause of cancer related death in the United States, with 53,670 new cases and estimated 43,090 deaths in 2017. In China, the incidence and death of pancreatic cancer patients is estimated to be 90,100 and 79,400 respectively. The main possibly curative treatment is surgical resection; in any case, because of late presenting clinical features, roughly 30 to 40 percent have locally advanced disease and another 40 percent have metastatic tumor at the time of diagnosis and accordingly palliative chemotherapy remains the main choice for most of these

Lung cancer is a malignant cellular transformation and growth of the lung and the airway tissues. It is usually divided into two main types: Small Cell Lung Cancer (SCLC, 15%) and Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC, 85%) with the latter further subdivided into several subtypes such as Squamous carcinoma, Large Cell carcinoma, and Adenocarcinoma among other rare subtypes. Each subtype has its own unique growth and spread pattern with some being more aggressive than others. Lung cancer is staged according to the American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) using the TNM system, where T stands for the size, N for nodal involvement and M for the presence of distant metastases. The knowledge of the lung cancer main types, subtypes and stage, and the presence of specific molecular and genetic signatures, help the clinician determine the appropriate treatment approaches be it surgical, radiation, chemotherapy and the combination of, in addition to the appropriate type of chemotherapy regimen. (SEER, ACS, AJCC, 2014)

cancer in a patient in the long term (Schaffer et al., 2011). One of the most common factors for