Paul J Hillof BusinessM11 SchoolRichardSchool of Essay

The EPA agreed to clean up Nahant Marsh in 1999. It was estimated that the clean up would cost $2,000,000. The water level had to be lowered to remove lead pellets so a pipe was used to drain the marsh until a pump was required. Once the water level was low enough they brought in an excavator and excavated and hauled the soil to a stockpile area where it dried out and was hauled to the landfill. In order to render the metal insoluble found in the soil a phosphate-based stabilization chemical was mixed into the soil. After the soil was treated it was removed and then the ground was graded and smoothed so grasses could be

Prior to the late 1950s the site was used as an excavation pit for sand and gravel. The quarry was subsequently used for the disposal of waste materials from 1950 until 1966. 10 acres of the 28-acre site has been used as a disposal area for several hazardous waste contaminants that included volatile organic compounds (VOCs) such as benzene, tetrahydrofuran, toluene, vinyl chloride and xylene; other organics such as phenols and PCBs as well as lead. The main area of contamination is in the southern half of the 10 acre area which encompasses about 6 acres which

The next Superfund that has greatly influenced the environment of Butler County is the Skinner Landfill. The Landfill is on 85 acres in West Chester (2). The facility was privately owned and was never actually licensed, so it closed in the 1970's (5). The landfill contains about 100 drums of chlorinated organics, and heavy metals. Along with the presence of the drums is the fact that a nearby lagoon was once used as a disposal for these contaminants, and that the site had problems with unauthorized dumping (5). Fortunately, no contaminants have been discovered leaving the site (5). The presence of these

According to the EPA's Toxic Releases Inventory, large processing facilities account for approximately 2.2% of the total hexavalent chromium release into the environment via air (NJDPH, 2010). There were 3,391 such

Following the Love Canal disaster, many favorable events happened on how to properly manage of hazardous chemicals. Thanks to this unmanaged situation many regulations were made by the government. In 1976, the Federal Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA) was enacted to give EPA authority to regulate the generation and disposal of dangerous and hazardous materials ("Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA) Laws and Regulations | US EPA", 2016). In accordance with all the new laws that came after 1976 to keep track of all the toxic chemicals that were dumped and not regulated, every estate has its own regulation and landfills to properly approach the problem. All hazardous chemical landfills now need to comply to the regulations

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Whether pressure treated wood was used to build the structures of the site? Then the site will be having lot of soil contamination (Panagos et all, 2013).

In 1974 parts of the Joseph Forest Products site, treatment building and surrounding buildings, were destroyed due to a fire. While putting out the fire about 200 gallons of contaminated treatment paste and 3000 gallons of treatment solution were released. Contaminates that have primary concern in the soil and debris are metals such as, arsenic, chromium, and lead and inorganics such as asbestos. While the site was operating an estimated 160000 pounds of CCA preservative concentrate were used.

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There are a variety of different sites that have been effectively treated using phytoextraction techniques. These include industrial and municipal landfills, agricultural fields, military bases, fuel storage tank farms, gas stations, army ammunition

The organization responsible for overseeing collection and transport can has to assure the provision of appropriate equipment, working according to standard operating procedures. Controls may also include proper design and construction of sanitation systems, working with trained operators, and have a preventive maintenance program. For example, periodic testing of effluent and checks on delivery volumes may be included in the monitoring phase. As the performance of the treatment plant have a serious effect on the way the bio-solids are applied in the farm, pathogens can be recycled back to the community leading to a disease outbreak. Costs in terms of public health and businesses reputation need to be taken into account.

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For example, Shell will invest approximately $80 million to clean up the pollution at Horsehead site in Monaca, Beaver country. The land was the largest zinc smelter in the nation which brings a great disturbance. Shell is setting up the site for a multibillion-dollar petrochemical complex. Shell has the intention to raise the ground level by about six feet and top the metal-loaded soil with concrete, streets and buildings has been permitted by the state Department of Environmental Protection. Shell’s analysis discovered high levels of lead, arsenic and some other contaminants in the soil and groundwater. The analysis assessed a few alternatives including digging up all the contaminated soil. Shell will put between five to seven feet of clean soil on the ground to keep rain water from streaming through the polluted soil layer. Gutters will be built in fragments for two streams going through the property and the organization has installed retention ponds and water treatment system to keep the pollution flowing in to the Ohio river. Shell is drafting the deed it arrangements to file with the Beaver County Clerk of Courts that will determine that the contaminated groundwater from the site can’t be used for drinking or farming.

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On July 7, 2015 the EPA and MARN inspected the REPSA I facility, including the oxidation lagoon treatment system. This wastewater treatment system treats the wastewater generated from REPSA I palm tree oil processing. The system consists of five oxidation lagoons, which included cooling stabilization lagoons, anaerobic (an anaerobic lagoon is a deep impoundment, essentially free of dissolved oxygen that promotes anaerobic conditions (USEPA 2002)), and facultative lagoons, with each lagoon having a volume of approximately 3,500 m3 (925,000 gallons). A facultative lagoon is earthen impoundment that the layer of water near the surface contains dissolved oxygen due to atmospheric reaeration and algal respiration, a condition that supports aerobic and facultative organisms, and the bottom layer of the lagoon includes sludge deposits and supports anaerobic organisms (USEPA, 2002). EPA observed that all lagoons were not sealed (no concrete, liner, clay, etc.), which may create suitable conditions for groundwater contamination.